Galgotias University

MXenes-polymer nanocomposites have garnered significant attention in recent years, because of their exclusive combination of features and latent usages in numerous fields, particularly in biomedicine as evidenced by a surge in publications and citations, with over 16000 articles published in the last five years.The types of MXenes-polymer nanocomposites are diverse, encompassing but not restricted to MXenes-polymer blends, MXenes-polymer composites, and MXenes-based hydrogels.Each type offers distinct advantages and can be customized for uses depending on the desired properties.Synthesis methods for MXenes-polymer nanocomposites allow precise control over the structure and properties of the resulting nanocomposites, enabling customization for numerous biomedical applications.The existing reviews on MXenes-polymer nanocomposites and their biomedical applications provide a comprehensive overview of current research trends and achievements.However, several gaps remain to be addressed.Firstly, there is a need for a more systematic and critical anal. of the various synthesis methods employed, their impact on nanocomposite properties, and scalability for biomedical applications.Secondly, while some reviews touch upon the biocompatibility and toxicity aspects, a detailed exploration into the long-term effects and in vivo studies is essential.Thirdly, the potential of MXenes-polymer nanocomposites in specific biomedical applications like drug delivery, biosensing, and tissue engineering warrants deeper investigation, including challenges and prospects.Therefore, this review aims to fill these gaps by providing deep insights into the multifaceted aspects of MXenes-polymer nanocomposites and their promising roles in biomedical fields.

PDT is a common and minimally invasive treatment used for certain types of cancer. Photodynamic therapy involves the generation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in cellular apoptosis and disruption of the tumor microenvironment. This review presents a comprehensive examination of recent developments in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), detailing its mechanisms, the importance of photosensitizers, and their applications across various cancer types. Photosensitizers are essential in photodynamic therapy as they generate reactive oxygen species when exposed to light. Advanced photosensitizers demonstrate high conversion efficiency, improved tumor specificity, and reduced adverse effects. Recent advancements have led to the creation of photosensitizers that exhibit enhanced solubility, stability, and the ability to selectively accumulate in tumors. Combination therapies that incorporate PDT exhibit notable therapeutic outcomes, indicating substantial progress in the field. Recent developments in photodynamic therapy, particularly those that boost immune responses, show considerable promise in significantly enhancing the effectiveness of tumor elimination. These advancements have the potential to enhance the therapeutic application of photodynamic therapy, offering new possibilities for cancer treatment.

A novel green method was developed to create pure, safe, and stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Trema orientalis (L.) leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent and evaluated its antibacterial activity.UV-vis spectroscopy indicated the biogenesis of AgNPs based on the absorbance in the range of 400-500 nm.The Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that flavonoids play a crucial role in the synthesis and stability of green AgNPs, serving as the primary phytoconstituents involved.AgNPs were spherical, and crystalline in nature.The size ranged from 14.04-34.38 nm as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).For phase determination of the crystalline structure, AgNPs were subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD).The crystallinity percentage calculated was 79.28%.The investigation using at. force microscopy (AFM) measured the average roughness, maximum height, and valley depth of AgNPs.The mean surface roughness measured was 12.054 nm.The well diffusion method demonstrated the antibacterial activity of AgNPs against Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in inhibition zones measuring 9, 10, 13, and 14 mm.These effects were observed at concentrations of 25μg/mL, 50μg/mL, 75μg/mL, and 100μg/mL, resp.The min. inhibitory concentration observed against S. aureus was 55.31μg/mL.This work provides a more sustainable and efficient method of bacterial treatment.