Author: Hand, Timothy W. ; Fairley, Jessica K. ; Chakraborty, Trirupa ; Sarkar, Aniruddh ; A. O. Fraga, Lucia ; Xiao, Hanxi ; Handali, Sukwan ; Das, Jishnu ; de Oliveira, Lorena B. Pereira ; Secor, W. Evan ; Rahimikollu, Javad ; Saha, Anushka

Schistosomiasis, a highly prevalent parasitic disease, affects more than 200 million people worldwide. Current diagnostics based on parasite egg detection in stool detect infection only at a late stage, and current antibody-based tests cannot distinguish past from current infection. Here, we developed and used a multiplexed antibody profiling platform to obtain a comprehensive repertoire of antihelminth humoral profiles including isotype, subclass, Fc receptor (FcR) binding, and glycosylation profiles of antigen-specific antibodies. Using Essential Regression (ER) and SLIDE, interpretable machine learning methods, we identified latent factors (context-specific groups) that move beyond biomarkers and provide insights into the pathophysiology of different stages of schistosome infection. By comparing profiles of infected and healthy individuals, we identified modules with unique humoral signatures of active disease, including hallmark signatures of parasitic infection such as elevated immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4). However, we also captured previously uncharacterized humoral responses including elevated FcR binding and specific antibody glycoforms in patients with active infection, helping distinguish them from those without active infection but with equivalent antibody titers. This signature was validated in an independent cohort. Our approach also uncovered two distinct endotypes, nonpatent infection and prior infection, in those who were not actively infected. Higher amounts of IgG1 and FcR1/FcR3A binding were also found to be likely protective of the transition from nonpatent to active infection. Overall, we unveiled markers for antibody-based diagnostics and latent factors underlying the pathogenesis of schistosome infection. Our results suggest that selective antigen targeting could be useful in early detection, thus controlling infection severity.

31 Mar 2024·Preventive Nutrition and Food Science

Effects of Iron-Fortified Foods on the Nutritional Status of Children Residing in Regions Vulnerable to Parasitic Diseases: A Systematic Review

Review

Author: Gomides, Thalisson Artur Ribeiro ; Fernandes, Bárbara Leles ; Pimenta, Sabrina Julie ; Gama, Rafael Silva ; Souza, Filipe Caldeira Vasconcelos ; Cozer, Alexandre Wallace Dias ; Lima, Marlucy Rodrigues ; Enes, Barbara Nery ; Santiago, Luana Dias

Parasitic infections (PIs) remain a public health concern among school-age children living in areas of greater socioeconomic vulnerability, especially in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. PIs can promote nutritional deficiencies, increasing the risk of anemia and impaired physical and cognitive development. Thus, fortified foods have been considered as a promising strategy for improving the nutritional status of children and preventing PI complications. This systematic review aimed to present the effects of iron-fortified foods for deworming and improving blood parameters in schoolchildren residing in areas that are vulnerable to PIs. This review is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines of randomized clinical trials addressing the use of fortified foods and micronutrients in children living in areas endemic for PIs. The PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched to identify articles published between 2000 and 2020. A total of 153 records were retrieved from the databases, 10 of which were considered eligible for this study. On the basis of our analysis, most of the selected studies showed that the inclusion of fortified foods in the diet improved blood and infectious parameters. Therefore, fortified foods can be used as an important tool for controlling the adverse outcomes of PIs among children living in areas of greater vulnerability. However, more studies on this topic are needed to provide more evidence and consolidate strategies using iron-fortified food.

01 Feb 2023·Royal Society Open Science

From species descriptions to diversity patterns: the validation of taxonomic data as a keystone for ant diversity studies reproducibility and accuracy

Article

Author: Ulysséa, Mônica A. ; Carvalho, Karine S. ; Campos, Renata B. F. ; Torezan-Silingardi, Helena Maura ; Souza, Jorge Luiz P. ; Camacho, Gabriela P. ; Feitosa, Rodrigo M. ; Frizzo, Tiago ; Soares, Stela A. ; Paolucci, Lucas ; Morini, Maria Santina de C. ; Nogueira, Anselmo ; Ladino, Natalia ; da Silva, Rogério R. ; Moraes, Aline B. ; Quinet, Yves P. ; Sobrinho, Tathiana G. ; Izzo, Thiago ; Nahas, Larissa ; de Queiroz, Antônio C. M. ; Silva, Thiago S. R. ; Rabello, Ananza M. ; dos Santos, Iracenir A. ; Vargas, André B. ; Schmidt, Fernando A. ; da Costa-Milanez, Cinthia B. ; Baccaro, Fabrício B. ; Dáttilo, Wesley ; de Albuquerque, Emília Z. ; Lange, Denise ; Harada, Ana Y. ; Diehl-Fleig, Eduardo ; Santos, Jean C. ; Del-Claro, Kleber ; DaRocha, Wesley ; Marques, Tatianne ; Oliveira, Aline M. ; Solar, Ricardo ; Ribas, Carla R.

Research findings in natural sciences need to be comparable and reproducible to effectively improve our understanding of ecological and behavioural patterns. In this sense, knowledge frontiers in biodiversity studies are directly tied to taxonomic research, especially in species-rich tropical regions. Here we analysed the taxonomic information available in 470 studies on Brazilian ant diversity published in the last 50 years. We aimed to quantify the proportion of studies that provide enough data to validate taxonomic identification, explore the frequency of studies that properly acknowledge their taxonomic background, and investigate the primary resources for ant identification in Brazil. We found that most studies on Brazilian ant diversity (73.6%) explicitly stated the methods used to identify their specimens. However, the proportion of papers that provide complete data for the repository institutions and vouchered specimens is vanishingly small (5.8%). Additionally, only 40.0% of the studies consistently presented taxon authorities and years of description, rarely referencing taxonomic publications correctly. In turn, the number of specialists and institutions consulted for ant identification in Brazil has increased in the last years, along with the number of studies that explicitly provide their taxonomic procedures for ant identification. Our findings highlight a shift between generations regarding the recognition of taxonomy as fundamental science, deepening our understanding of biodiversity.

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