Hubei University of Chinese Medicine

Trionycis Carapax is a commonly used health food, often consumed after processing. Its quality varies considerably depending on the degree of processing. This study constructed a comprehensive analysis framework combining multiple techniques to accurately distinguish different processing levels. The relationships between dynamic changes in amino acids, the Maillard reaction, and protein hydrolysis during processing were elucidated. Surface color parameters a∗ (back) and b∗ (front/back), and powder color parameters b∗ and L∗, were identified as key differentiation indices. An electronic nose (E-nose) was used to distinguish raw from processed products. Using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with a normalization pretreatment method, different processing degrees of Trionycis Carapax were effectively distinguished. Fusion analysis revealed dynamic correlations between color and chemical composition. A backpropagation (BP) neural network model achieved a high discrimination rate of 91.7 %. These findings provide a valuable reference for quality control and digital transformation during food processing.

Chrononutrition behaviors, modifiable factors linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS), may influence depressive symptoms, but this relationship is not fully understood. This study investigated the independence and combined association of chrononutrition behaviors and dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index, HEI-2020) with depressive symptoms in MetS and non-MetS populations.

Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (2005-March 2020; n = 24,585), and used two 24-h dietary recalls to assess chrononutrition behaviors. Depressive symptoms were diagnosed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Missing data were handled using multiple imputation, and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was applied to control for confounding. Multivariate logistic, restricted cubic splines, and sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate independent and joint effects.

Among individuals with MetS, last meal time after 20:00 [OR (95 %CI): 1.31 (1.09, 1.55)] increased depressive symptoms. The combination of HEI-2020 > 75 % and the last meal time between 19:00 and 20:00 [0.61 (0.44, 0.84)] was associated with a reduced risk of depressive symptoms. In the non-MetS group, the first meal time after 10:00 [1.23 (1.08, 1.40)] also showed associations with depressive symptoms. The combination of HEI-2020 > 75 % and the first meal time before 08:00 [0.59 (0.50, 0.70)] was linked to a lower risk of depressive symptoms. Across both groups, HEI-2020 > 75 % and eating frequency > 3 [MetS: 0.54 (0.37, 0.79); non-MetS: 0.47 (0.33, 0.67)] was associated with a decreased risk of depressive symptoms.

Specific combinations of diet quality and chrononutrition behaviors are associated with lower depressive symptoms, particularly in population-stratified contexts.

Thirteen previously undescribed clavatol derivatives (1, 2, 3a, 3b, and 4-12), along with thirteen known compounds were isolated from the endophytic fungus Penicillium commune XL-0473. Their structures were established through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism calculations, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and chemical synthesis experiment. Notably, compounds 1 and 2 represent the first reported clavatol dimers conjugated with amino acids. Compounds 8-11 are unprecedented derivatives containing a 1,6-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane framework. Compound 16 demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens, with MIC values ranging from 3.13 to 6.25 μg/mL. A plausible nonenzymatic self-assembly mechanism involving ortho-quinone methide intermediates was proposed to explain their biosynthesis pathway.