Author: Mobeen, Muhammad Furqan ; Shaikh, Ruby Saeed ; Ahmed, Sofia ; Sheraz, Muhammad Ali ; Ali, Saiyed Muhammad ; Hussain, Imtiaz ; Ahmad, Iqbal ; Anwar, Zubair

The photodegradation of ascorbic acid (AH₂) in the presence of nicotinamide (NA) at pH 2.0-12.0 has been studied using a 30 W UV radiation source. The reaction follows first-order kinetics and the values of apparent first-order rate constants (k_obs) at 1 × 10^-3 M NA concentration range from 1.17 (pH 2.0) to 3.61 × 10^-3 min^-1 (pH 12.0). The values of these rate constants (k₀) in the absence of NA range from 0.50 (pH 2.0) to 1.75 × 10^-3 min^-1 (pH 12.0), indicating that the values of k_obs for the photodegradation of AH₂ in the presence of NA are about 2 fold compared to those of the AH₂ alone. The second-order rate constants (k^') for the photochemical interaction of AH₂ and NA are in the range of 0.67 (pH 2.0) and 1.86 × 10^-3 M^-1 min^-1 (pH 12.0). The k'-pH profile shows a gradual increase in the rate as a function of pH. This is due to the ionization of AH₂ to give ascorbyl anions (AH^-) which are more susceptible to photodegradation compared to the neutral molecule (AH₂). NA appears to undergo photochemical interaction with AH₂ during the reaction by acting as an electron acceptor to enhance its rate of photodegradation. The concentrations of AH₂ and NA in degraded solutions have been determined by a two-component spectrometric method at 243 and 261 nm (pH 2.0) with a precision of ±2%. The method has been validated and the results are comparable to the HPLC method.

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