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BACKGROUNDSpinal cord injury (SCI) significantly impacts an individual's quality of life (QOL). A brief and subjective measure of QOL is necessary to monitor the progress and outcomes of SCI rehabilitation.OBJECTIVETo determine whether this measure of QOL was associated with clinically important physical and psychosocial outcomes in a sample of people with SCI, to determine how people with SCI scored on this measure of QOL, and to determine whether people with SCI scored differently than nondisabled individuals on the QOL scale.METHODSParticipants were 134 people with SCI (65% male; 35% female) and 227 nondisabled people (35% male; 65% female). Participants were assessed on a number of psychosocial and physiological variables at a large urban university and rehabilitation center. Variables examined were QOL, life satisfaction, depression, social interaction, pain, fatigue, and level of functioning.RESULTSParticipants with SCI reported more low QOL scores and fewer high QOL scores than the nondisabled group. For participants with SCI, QOL was positively related to life satisfaction and social interaction and negatively related to pain, fatigue, and depression.CONCLUSIONSParticipants with SCI scored lower on the QOL measure than those without a disability, although the difference was not clinically significant. QOL was unrelated to level of functioning; people may still experience a high QOL despite their physical limitations. Depression and social interaction were significantly related to QOL and should be secondary targets for intervention following SCI rehabilitation.

09 Feb 2009·NeuroRehabilitation

Disparities in subjective well-being, participation, and health after spinal cord injury: A 6-year longitudinal study

Article

Author: Adkins, Rodney H. ; Krause, James S. ; Saladin, Lisa K.

OBJECTIVETo identify disparities and changes in subjective well-being, participation, and health over a 6-year period as a function of race-ethnicity and gender in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).METHODSStratified sampling was used to maximize inclusion of women and racial-ethnic minorities. Three model SCI systems participated, representing the Southeastern, Western, and Mountain regions of the United States. 250 participants completed measures on two occasions. Similar portions of Caucasians (n = 62), African-Americans (n = 61), American-Indians (n = 56), and Hispanics (n = 71) participated. Women made up approximately 43.1% of the sample. Three sets of outcome measures assessed: (a) subjective well-being and depressive symptoms, (b) participation, and (c) health.RESULTSMANOVA indicated significant effects for race-ethnicity (between subjects effect) and time (within subjects effect) but not for gender or the interaction effects. A Bonferroni correction was used to compare outcomes as a function of race-ethnicity and time. Five outcomes were significantly related to race-ethnicity, whereas no items were significantly related to the time effect after the Bonferroni correction. Caucasians reported best subjective well-being scores in several domains followed by African-Americans. Caucasians also reported more hours out of bed than either African-Americans or Hispanics.CONCLUSIONOver a 6-year period, race-ethnicity continued to be related to differences in subjective well-being and participation but not health. Disparities in outcomes did not systematically increase or diminish over time, suggesting that once developed, such disparities are unlikely to change in the absence of intervention.

01 Jun 2008·Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

Supplemental Material to the A&WMA 2008 Critical Review "Prospects for Future Climate Change and the Reasons for Early Action"

Author: Kagann, Robert ; Johansson, Christer ; Ni, Ji-Qin ; Holdren, Michael ; Olivares, Gustavo ; Koziel, Jacek ; Beasley, David ; Sprovieri, Francesca ; Diaz-Sanchez, David ; DeWitt, Matthew ; Edgerton, Sylvia ; Kashuba, Roxolana ; Liou, Naiwei ; Corporan, Edwin ; Cowen, Kenneth ; Schmidt, David ; Hoff, Steven ; Clark, Kenneth ; Nicolai, Richard ; Gong, Henry ; Sawant, Aniket ; Gidhagen, Lars ; Linn, William ; Spicer, Chester ; Taliaferro, Tony ; Sun, Endy ; Cheng, Meng-Dawn ; Cocker, David ; Miller, J. ; Scheff, Peter ; MacCracken, Michael ; Strom, Johan ; Lin, Chitsan ; Jacobson, Larry ; Parker, David ; Hashmonay, Ram ; Heber, Albert ; Zhang, Yuanhui ; Hetchler, Brian ; Shores, Richard ; Laskin, Alex ; Harris, David ; Pirrone, Nicola

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