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Overview

This study introduces a novel application of a one-time and multistandard colour chart across three instruments using colour visible spectrophotometer (colour VS), digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras, and mobile camera (MC) analysis to quantify glyphosate (GP) in groundwater samples. The image captured by the digital cameras and the absorbance of the colour VS data of the ninhydrin-GP complexation reaction of the standards were detected by the colour space of the human eye model. The colour ranges were from yellow to brown (colour VS) and red (digital cameras). The results of MC provided enhanced luminance and appropriate ΔE levels, with similar relative standard deviations (RSD) to those of colour VS. The deviations for DSLR were greater and showed better theoretical detection levels. The recovery yield analysis of real-time ground water samples at 50-500 ng/mL in 75 mL was greater for the DSLR (116 %). This method was better than liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and MC analysis. However, the MC and LC-MS/MS methods were better in terms of accuracy (98.9 % and 84 % respectively) and precision (99.9 % for both) closeness in a 1:1 linear analytical comparison. The DSLR overestimated the concentrations due to ion interference. However, MC showed no interfering ions at 500 µg/mL due to its unique LED flash light, unlike colour VS, which was affected by phosphate and nitrate. This study was able to achieve real-time monitoring via cost-effective, user-friendly point-of-care technology, eliminating the need for expensive sensor fabrication and repeated standardisation methods. This might pave the way for possible integration of artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning models using colour chart data. Therefore, the our multistandard colour chart may also assist in standardizing other camera sensors through harmonization approach.

01 Aug 2025·Renewable Energy

Catalytic hydrogen production via NaBH4 hydrolysis: Role of WO3 nanopellets

Author: Sumesh, C. K. ; Joshi, Kinjal K. ; Rathod, Shobharajsinh ; Kapatel, Sanni ; Pataniya, Pratik ; Gajjar, Devanshu

Hydrogen is a promising alternative energy source due to its high energy capacity and emission-free characteristics, fulfilling the future energy needs from non-fossil sources.This study demonstrates a rapid, in situ, and cost-effective method for hydrogen production through the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) supported by tungsten trioxide (WO₃) nanopellets (NPs) synthesized via microwave-assisted co-precipitation method.The WO₃ NPs exhibit excellent catalytic activity, achieving a hydrogen generation rate (HGR) of 339.1 mL min^-1 g^-1 at 25 °C, surged to 485.8 mL min^-1 g^-1 at increasing NaBH₄ solutionAt an optimal pH of 8, an HGR of 340.8 mL min^-1 g^-1 is achieved, and the lowest activation energy of 27.8 kJ mol^-1 allows efficient catalysis, reaching an HGR of 935.4 mL min^-1 g^-1 at 70 °C.The stability of the catalyst was tested for over five cycles and a step reaction was also introduced to control the H₂ productionThese results highlight the potential of WO₃ NPs as a robust and economical catalyst for sustainable hydrogen production, offering significant advantages in scalability and efficiency for clean energy applications.

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