Author: Spina, Anna Concetta ; Scaramuzzi, Giorgia Francesca ; Buscombe, Richard ; Palmisano, Annalisa ; Manippa, Valerio ; Thoma, Volker ; Scianatico, Gaetano ; Cornacchia, Ester ; Amico, Francesca ; Avery, Richard ; Rivolta, Davide

Sports trainers have recently shown increasing interest in innovative methods, including transcranial electric stimulation, to enhance motor performance and boost the acquisition of new skills during training. However, studies on the effectiveness of these tools on fast visuomotor learning and brain activity are still limited. In this randomized single-blind, sham-controlled, between-subjects study, we investigated whether a single training session, either coupled or not with 2 mA online high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS) over the bilateral primary motor cortex (M1), would affect dart-throwing performance (i.e., radial error, arm range of motion, and movement variability) in 37 healthy volunteers. In addition, potential neurophysiological correlates were monitored before and after the training through a 32-electrode portable electroencephalogram (EEG). Results revealed that a single training session improved radial error and arm range of motion during the dart-throwing task, but not movement variability. Furthermore, after the training, resting state-EEG data showed a decrease in theta power. Radial error, arm movement, and EEG were not further modulated by hf-tRNS. This indicates that a single training session, regardless of hf-tRNS administration, improves dart-throwing precision and movement accuracy. However, it does not improve movement variability, which might require multiple training sessions (expertise resulting in slow learning). Theta power decrease could describe a more efficient use of cognitive resources (i.e., attention and visuomotor skills) due to the fast dart-throwing learning. Further research could explore different sports by applying longer stimulation protocols and evaluating other EEG variables to enhance our understanding of the lasting impacts of multi-session hf-tRNS on the sensorimotor cortex within the framework of slow learning and training assistance.

31 Dec 2024·European Clinical Respiratory Journal

Asthma severity: the patient’s point of view

Article

Author: Lombardi, Carlo ; Nettis, Eustachio ; Puggioni, Francesca ; Favero, Elisabetta ; Bonavia, Marco ; Patella, Vincenzo ; Durante, Eugenia ; Torracca, Francesca ; D’Alo, Simona ; Senna, Gianenrico ; Calabrese, Cecilia ; Diana, Alessandra ; Ballacchino, Carmen ; Vianello, Andrea ; Rizzi, Angela ; Scali, Mario ; Brussino, Luisa ; Del Giacco, Stefano ; Caminati, Marco ; Centanni, Stefano ; Foschino-Barbaro, Maria Pia ; Frateiacci, Sandra ; Tarsia, Paolo ; Guida, Giuseppe ; Latorre, Manuela ; Baiardini, Ilaria ; Chini, Raffaella ; Del Zotti, Francesco ; Nucera, Eleonora ; Braido, Fulvio ; Testino, Elisa ; Milanese, Manlio ; Cardini, Cristina ; Losa, Francesca ; Di Marco, Fabiano ; Guarnieri, Gabriella ; Spanevello, Antonio ; Lofaro, Alessia ; Pini, Laura ; Camiciottoli, Gianna ; Aruanno, Arianna ; Uberti, Marzio ; Scichilone, Nicola ; Celi, Giorgio ; Ricciardi, Luisa ; Carpagnano, Giovanna Elisiana ; Carbonara, Monica ; Scioscia, Giulia ; Bagnasco, Diego ; Ridolo, Erminia ; Paggiaro, Pierluigi ; Yang, Baoran ; Parente, Roberta ; Caruso, Cristiano ; Canonica, Giorgio Walter ; Cattani, Luciano ; Corsico, Angelo Guido ; Crimi, Claudia ; Blasi, Francesco ; Olivieri, Bianca ; D’Amato, Maria ; Heffler, Enrico ; Detoraki, Aikaterini ; Pelaia, Girolamo ; Passalacqua, Giovanni ; Bonini, Matteo ; Crivellaro, Maria Angiola ; D’Adda, Alice ; Magarò, Nadia ; Costantino, Maria Teresa ; Spadaro, Giuseppe ; Paoletti, Giovanni ; Sirena, Concetta ; Rigon, Giulio ; Richeldi, Luca ; Santus, Pierachille ; Cosmi, Lorenzo ; Menzella, Francesco

ObjectiveInitiated by the Severe Asthma Network Italy (SANI), this study aims to explore asthma patients' perceptions of disease severity, differentiating between mild and severe asthma. The objective is to identify factors influencing tailored treatment strategies for varying disease severities and to provide insights into asthma care in Italy.MethodsConducted between November 2020 and January 2021, a survey using Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) collected data from 308 Italian adults, representing the population. A 25 item multiple choice questionnaire covered asthma diagnosis, symptoms, treatment approaches, associated conditions, and quality of life.ResultsAmong participants, 83.8% reported having mild asthma, while 16.2% had severe asthma. Severe asthma patients had longer disease durations, more severe symptoms, frequent exacerbations, and higher hospital/ER visits. Although treatment adherence and symptom profiles generally aligned with international guidelines for self reported severe asthma, 22% of self identified mild asthmatics experienced severe respiratory symptoms. Oral corticosteroid (OCS) use was observed in 50% of severe cases and 22% of mild cases. Adherence was higher in severe asthma patients (76%) versus mild asthma patients (28%). Both groups experienced comorbidities, with 96% of severe asthmatics and 72% of mild asthmatics reporting impaired quality of life.ConclusionThis study highlights the disparity between clinical categorization and patient perceptions of asthma severity. The prevalence of self reported severe asthma exceeds literature data. The burden of mild asthma remains significant, with treatment approaches not fully aligned, particularly regarding disproportionate OCS use. Addressing this gap requires enhancing patient education, improving diagnostic practices, and promoting adherence.

31 Dec 2024·Veterinary Quarterly

Effects of grazing on grassland or wood-pasture, slaughtering age and ageing time on meat production and quality in Podolian young bulls

Article

Author: Carbonara, Claudia ; Colonna, Maria Antonietta ; Karatosidi, Despoina ; Ragni, Marco ; Tarricone, Simona ; Caputi Jambrenghi, Anna ; Tedone, Luigi ; Giannico, Francesco

Podolian cattle is an autochthonous breed well adapted to the harsh semi-arid environments of the Southern Italy regions; the extensive rearing system used for these indigenous animals is based on grazing on spontaneous pastures, such as grasslands or wood pastures These grazing systems respect animal welfare and enrich animal products with characteristics closely related to the feeding system and the farming environment. The aim of the present study was to characterize the nutritional value of a forage crop and a wood-pasture and to evaluate the effects of grazing by Podolian young bulls on the performances and meat quality in relation to the age at slaughter (14 or 18 months) and to the ageing time of meat (3, 9 or 14 days). The metabolizable energy and the gas production were greater in April and June for both pasture systems. Young bulls raised on the grassland showed greater slaughter weights (p < 0.05) as compared to those fed on the woodland system, at both the slaughtering ages. The Warner Bratzler Shear (WBS) force values for raw and cooked meat were not influenced by the pasture system but they significantly (p < 0.01) decreased in relation to the ageing time in all the groups. Ageing markedly (p < 0.05) increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration from 3 to 14 days of storage, regardless of the pasture system and the slaughtering age. The n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio of meat was markedly lower in grassland animals, regardless of the age of slaughter. In conclusion, 18 months old grassland beef showed better performances and yield of meat cuts. Ageing for 9 days positively affected meat WBS without increasing MDA concentration.

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