Immunoinflammatory dermatoses are often characterized by common pathogenetic mechanisms, in the chain of which dysfunctions are found in different components of the immune system. Currently, identification and determination of biomarkers for both assessment of the course’s severity and for objectification of the evaluation of immunoinflammatory dermatoses’ treatment effectiveness are ongoing. Objective. To study the immunophenotype of peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with chronic dermatoses during the period of relapse and remission for determining the prognostic and diagnostic immunological markers. Material and methods. A number of patients equal 111 aged 18—65 years with chronic dermatoses was under supervision (atopic dermatitis — 25, psoriasis vulgaris — 24, erythema multiforme — 12, lipoid necrobiosis — 11, lichen ruber planus — 12, acne inversa — 10, chronic recurrent furunculosis — 17). Background therapy in each group included traditional external therapy without application of immunobiological drugs. Subpopulation composition of peripheral blood leukocytes was determined by flow cytometry («Beckman Coulter», USA) with monoclonal antibodies to the relevant antigens according to the manufacturer’s instructions during the disease’s relapse and remission period. Results. The highest CD38 values have been observed in patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, the maximum γδ T lymphocyte values — in patients with atopical dermatitis and in lipoid necrobiosis. The lowest levels of the CD95 apoptosis marker expression have been noted in patients with atopic dermatitis and erythema multiforme. Lipoid necrobiosis was characterized by an increase in CD25+ content and a significant increase in γδ cells, psoriasis — by a decrease in the number of helper T lymphocytes. There has been an increase in NKT lymphocytes proportion in presence of a decrease in NK lymphocytes level and maximum values of γδ lymphocytes in atopic dermatitis as opposed to other pathologies. An increase in amount of B lymphocytes and minimum values of CD95 have been noted in erythema multiforme.

10 Apr 2025·Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Virology (Russian)

Genetic diversity of hepatitis B virus in five Russian regions during the universal vaccination era: assessing the impact of new selective pressures on the spectrum of genetic and serological variants

Author: Tischenko, T.N. ; Manuylov, V.A. ; Bezuglova, L.V. ; Agletdiniov, E.F. ; Morozova, S.A. ; Netesov, S.V. ; Sergeeva, E.I. ; Buday, G.I. ; Chulanov, V.P. ; Kyuregyan, K.K.

Since the introduction of the universal hepatitis B vaccination program in Russia in 2001, the incidence of acute hepatitis B has dropped from 35.3 to 0.3 cases per 100.000 people annually, and chronic hepatitis B (including HBV carriers) has declined from 105.6 to 16.8 cases per 100.000. The proportion of HBsAg-positive carriers in the general population has decreased from 1.8—4.6% in the 1990s to 0.8±0.1% by 2020. An important question remains whether any HBV genetic variants have gained a selective advantage under this evolutionary pressure. Aim. To evaluate changes in the spectrum of genetic and serological variants of HBV circulating in five regions of Russia — Chukotka, Tuva, Yakutia, Moscow and Khabarovsk — over 10 to 20 years of observation. RESULTS and DISCUSSION. In Chukotka, the proportion of the dominant subgenotype D3 (mainly the HBsAg subtype ayw2) fluctuated from 44.3% (in 1997) to 58.1% (2008), C2 (adrq+) — from 16.4 (1997) to 37.1% (2008), D2 (ayw3) — from 3.2 (2008) to 23% (1997), D1 (ayw2) — from 1.6 (2008) to 11.5% (1997) and A2 (adw2) — from 0 (2008) to 4.9% (1997). In Tuva, the prevalence of D1 ranged from 57.4 (2021) to 67.6% (2008—09), D2 — from 13.2 (2008—09) to 38.3% (2021), D3 — from 0 (2021) to 16.2% (2008—09) and A2 — from 2.9 (2008-09) to 4.3% (2021). In Yakutia: D3 — from 24.1 (2022) to 45.5% (2004—08), A2 — from 36.8 (2018) to 43.1% (2022), D2 — from 4.5 (2004-08) to 13.1% (2022), C2 — from 5.3 (2018) to 11.7% (2022) and D1 — from 4.5 (2004—08) to 6.6% (2022). In Moscow: D3 — from 25 (2020) to 49.1 (2008—09), D1 — from 16.4 (2008—09) to 41.2% (2020), D2 — from 24.3 (2020) to 25.5% (2008—09), A2 — from 5.3 (2008—09) to 8.1% (20 20). Finally, in Khabarovsk, the proportion of D2 ranged from 23.1 (2021) to 46.9% (2003—08), D3 — from 27.8 (2015) to 40.6% (2003—08), D1 — from 3.1 (2003—08) to 24.6% (2021), A2 — from 5.6 (2015) to 10.8% (2021), and C2 — 3.1 (2003—08, 2021) to 5.6% (2015). Despite shifts in the proportions of distinct variants, the overall spectrum of HBV types circulating within each region has remained largely unchanged over the 10- to 20-year observation period. Conclusion. None of the HBV variants have shown any clear evolutionary advantage against the backdrop of the viral population’s decline over the past decades. This may suggest that HBV is genetically conservative and lack the capacity for rapid evolutionary change, increasing the chances of future eradication through continued vaccination efforts.

01 Feb 2025·Biomedical Chemistry: Research and Methods

Study of the Adjuvant Properties of Chitosan in Complex with Recombinant Outer Membrane Protein F and Recombinant Toxoid Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Author: Kaloshin, A.A. ; Mihailova, N.A.

The aim of the study was to investigate adjuvant properties of chitosan in comparison with aluminum hydroxide during immunization with recombinant proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We used recombinant outer membrane protein F (OprF) and recombinant toxoid of P. aeruginosa, to which 0.5% chitosan preparation dissolved in glutamic acid with pH 5.0 or aluminum hydroxide gel were added. The ratios of aluminum hydroxide to protein of 3:1 and 1:1 were tested, and chitosan was added at 100 μg and 50 μg for one immunizing dose. The resulting preparations were administered to mice intraperitoneally twice with a two-week interval, and then two weeks later the animals were infected intraperitoneally with P. aeruginosa (PA-103). It was shown that double administration of the recombinant OprF protein at a dose of 25 μg and recombinant toxoid at a dose of 50 μg with both aluminum hydroxide and chitosan contributed to the development of equivalent protective properties. With the complex introduction of two recombinant proteins, an increase in protective properties was observed using both adjuvants. The possibility of using antigens without adjuvant and reducing their immunizing dose during booster immunization was investigated. It turned out that a two-fold reduction in the immunizing dose did not reduce the protective effect upon repeated administration, and in the case of chitosan, an increase in the immune response was observed during booster immunization with recombinant antigens without an adjuvant. Thus, for the recombinant proteins of P. aeruginosa, the adjuvant properties of chitosan were revealed. They are not inferior in the induction of protective properties to aluminum hydroxide.

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