Article
Author: Haid, Mark ; Thomsen, Henrik S ; Viñuela, Ana ; Hansen, Torben ; Thomas, E Louise ; Frost, Gary ; Dawed, Adem Y ; Sharma, Sapna ; Adamski, Jerzy ; Holst, Jens J ; Holmes, Elaine ; Bell, Jimmy D ; Mari, Andrea ; Perez, Isabel Garcia ; Ridderstråle, Martin ; White, Margaret C ; Pearson, Ewan R ; Mahajan, Anubha ; Muilwijk, Mirthe ; Forgie, Ian ; Brunak, Søren ; Bizzotto, Roberto ; Eriksen, Rebeca ; Prehn, Cornelia ; McCarthy, Mark I ; Walker, Mark ; Ruetten, Hartmut ; Rutters, Femke ; Schwenk, Jochen M ; Koivula, Robert W ; Posma, Joram M ; Pavo, Imre ; Jennison, Chris ; Beulens, Joline ; Franks, Paul W ; Fernandez-Tajes, Juan ; Jones, Angus ; Hansen, Tue H ; McDonald, Timothy J ; Elders, Petra ; Tsirigos, Konstantinos D ; Kokkola, Tarja ; Blom, Marieke ; De Masi, Federico ; Giordano, Giuseppe N ; Pedersen, Oluf
AbstractContextThe role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity is not fully understood.ObjectiveWe investigate the association of cardiometabolic, diet, and lifestyle parameters on fasting and postprandial GLP-1 in people at risk of, or living with, T2D.MethodsWe analyzed cross-sectional data from the two Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification (DIRECT) cohorts, cohort 1 (n = 2127) individuals at risk of diabetes; cohort 2 (n = 789) individuals with new-onset T2D.ResultsOur multiple regression analysis reveals that fasting total GLP-1 is associated with an insulin-resistant phenotype and observe a strong independent relationship with male sex, increased adiposity, and liver fat, particularly in the prediabetes population. In contrast, we showed that incremental GLP-1 decreases with worsening glycemia, higher adiposity, liver fat, male sex, and reduced insulin sensitivity in the prediabetes cohort. Higher fasting total GLP-1 was associated with a low intake of wholegrain, fruit, and vegetables in people with prediabetes, and with a high intake of red meat and alcohol in people with diabetes.ConclusionThese studies provide novel insights into the association between fasting and incremental GLP-1, metabolic traits of diabetes and obesity, and dietary intake, and raise intriguing questions regarding the relevance of fasting GLP-1 in the pathophysiology T2D.