Universidade Do Sul De Santa Catarina

Ionic liquids (ILs) have rapidly emerged as multifunctional formulation tools capable of addressing long-standing challenges in drug delivery. This scoping review systematically assessed their pharmaceutical applications through a structured search of Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, yielding 1866 records, of which 91 experimental studies met the inclusion criteria. Across oral, injectable, topical, transdermal, nasal, and advanced delivery systems, ILs consistently improved the drug solubility, chemical stability, mucosal permeability, and overall biopharmaceutical performance. Choline- and imidazolium-based ILs were the most frequently investigated, demonstrating favorable safety profiles and significant pharmacokinetic benefitsincluding increases in maximum plasma concentration (C _max), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), and duration of action for poorly soluble small molecules, peptides, and biologics. Beyond classical excipient roles, ILs acted as structural and functional components in next-generation delivery platforms such as self-emulsifying systems, ionogels, microneedles, polymer-IL nanocomposites, and mucoadhesive films. Mechanistic evidence highlights their capacity to modulate molecular solvation, disrupt biological barriers, enable reversible tight-junction opening, and stabilize labile biomacromolecules. Collectively, these findings establish ILs as versatile and tunable design elements capable of overcoming key limitations in drug solubility and bioavailability. However, despite substantial preclinical progress, the clinical translation of IL-based formulations remains limited by regulatory uncertainty and the need for standardized toxicological and environmental safety evaluations.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition causing cognitive decline. Given the aging population and increasing prevalence, understanding hospital morbidity patterns is crucial for improving prevention strategies and public health planning.To analyze the epidemiological profile and temporal trend of AD hospitalizations in Brazil between 2012 and 2022.The present mixed ecological study used data from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health system. We calculated the frequencies for sex, age group, and skin color, along with the average length of stay and total costs. Simple linear regression was used for the temporal trend analysis across sex, age groups by sex, and regions.A higher proportion of hospitalizations was observed in females (65.80%), individuals aged 80 years or older (60.12%), and white individuals (49.06%). The average hospital stay was 21.6 days, with a total cost of R$ 23,306,587.01. The hospitalization trend was stable across both sexes, all age groups, and most regions (4.88/100 thousand hospitalizations), except for the Northeast, which showed a significant increase (β = 0.408; p < 0.001).The profile of AD hospitalizations in Brazil is predominantly female, in individuals over 80 and white. While the trend remained stable nationally, there was an increase in the Northeast region. Additionally, a reduction in the average number of hospitalization days and hospital costs was observed throughout the period analyzed.