Shenzhen Ausa Pharmed Co. Ltd.

Immunoassays face significant challenges, including the precise measurement of small molecules, rapid testing, and background interference. This study constructs a biokinetic sensing platform using a late-model plasmonic fiber probe that incorporates an indirect competitive immunoassay system on its surface for the rapid detection of target small molecules. Our plasmonic fiber probe transforms the conventional online transmission-type fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) into a probing structure with a U-shaped fiber termination, preserving the high performance of a straight fiber SPR sensing region and enabling direct sample detection via an insertable probe. Taking the detection of homocysteine (Hcy), a key indicator of cardiovascular diseases, as an example, our fiber probe has achieved rapid immunoassay for small molecules within 10 s while eliminating background interference by measuring target molecular binding rates. The probe sensitively identifies concentration gradients based on binding rates, even in serum, demonstrating high selectivity. The Hcy detection range is 0 to 100 μM, covering low to high abnormal concentrations typically observed in humans, with a detection limit of 2.23 nM. This fiber-optic kinetic method provides rapid, accurate Hcy testing; and multichannel networked potential for various small molecules, macromolecules, and genes detection.

In China, the MTHFR 677T allele, unlike in most Western populations, is a rare genetic variant linked to various disorders. The contributing nutritional and genetic factors to this genetic risk remain unclear.

This study aimed to elucidate the interactions between genetic variations in total homocysteine (tHcy) pathway genes, serum tHcy concentrations, and nutritional factors in a Chinese population with hypertension.

This study analyzed 1304 Chinese adults with hypertension aged ≥18 y enrolled in the China Precision Nutrition and Health KAP Real World Study (CPNAS). Serum concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate were measured using the magnetic microparticle chemiluminescence method, and tHcy concentrations were measured using Hcy Assay kits. Identification of the MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, and MTRR A66G polymorphisms was performed via time-of-flight nucleic spectrometry.

Our findings revealed significant sex differences in tHcy concentrations, with males exhibiting higher tHcy concentrations than females (13.95 μmol/L vs. 11.15 μmol/L, P < 0.001). Individuals deficient in both vitamin B12 and folate had an increased risk of hyperhomocysteinemia (H-Hcy) (57.4%). In contrast, the prevalence of H-Hcy was lower among those deficient in either vitamin B12 (31.1%) or folate (23.2%) alone. Significant associations were identified between the MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and elevated serum tHcy concentrations, particularly in individuals homozygous for the T allele. Conversely, the MTRR A66G genotype did not show a significant correlation with tHcy concentrations. Optimal vitamin B12 concentrations significantly modulated the genotypic effect on tHcy concentrations, with individuals having adequate vitamin B12 and folate exhibiting low tHcy concentrations, even among high-risk genotypes (TT).

Adequate concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 significantly reduce serum tHcy concentrations and mitigate the genotypic impact on tHcy concentrations, highlighting the potential for targeted nutritional interventions to manage cardiovascular risks associated with H-Hcy. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as ChiCTR2100051983.

The prospective relationship between plasma vitamin E levels and proteinuria remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the association between baseline plasma vitamin E levels and the development of proteinuria and examine any possible effect modifiers in patients with hypertension.

This was a post hoc analysis of the renal sub-study of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT). In total, 780 participants with vitamin E measurements and without proteinuria at baseline were included in the current study. The study outcome was the development of proteinuria, defined as a urine dipstick reading of a trace or ≥ 1+ at the exit visit.

During a median follow-up duration of 4.4 years, the development of proteinuria occurred in 93 (11.9%) participants. Overall, there was an inverse relationship between plasma vitamin E and the development of proteinuria (per standard deviation [SD] increment; odds ratio [OR]: 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55–0.96). Consistently, when plasma vitamin E was assessed as quartiles, lower risk of proteinuria development was found in participants in quartiles 2–4 (≥ 7.3 μg/mL; OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34–0.96) compared to those in quartile 1. None of the variables, including sex, age, and body mass index, significantly modified the association between vitamin E and proteinuria development.

There was a significant inverse association between plasma vitamin E levels and the development of proteinuria in patients with hypertension. The results were consistent among participants with different baseline characteristics.