A review. At present, radical treatment for interstitial lung disease is limited to lung transfer and planting. Interstitial lung disease is the most common disease for which lung transplantation has been performed in Japan. In Japan, where the number of brain-dead organ donations is limited, long-term transplant waiting periods and high mortality rates during the waiting period are issues. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disease with a poor prognosis, and it is advisable to perform lung transplantation before the general weakness due to aerobic exercise restriction. Lung transplantation for Parkinson′s disease-related interstitial pneumonia is also gaining good results, and however, due to the risk of post-transplant complications due to comorbidities related to disease, more careful indications are required.