Henan Center For Disease Control & Prevention

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the primary viral pathogen responsible for acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children, posing a serious threat to child health. In recent years, significant progress has been made globally in the field of RSV prevention. In China, the first RSV preventive monoclonal antibody has been approved for use, while multiple monoclonal antibodies and vaccines are currently in clinical trials. Based on the latest domestic and international, an expert panel developed this guidance through comprehensive discussions to support the use of RSV preventive monoclonal antibodies in primary medical institutions across China. The guidance consists of six sections: overview of RSV infection, eligible populations for prevention, recommended prevention regimens, management of adverse reactions, follow-up procedures, and health education. It aims to standardize the application of RSV preventive monoclonal antibodies in primary care settings and thereby improve the prevention and control of RSV infections in children.

To assess pertussis vaccination intentions and identify key vaccine attribute preferences among Chinese adolescents, adults and pregnant women to inform future pertussis immunisation strategies.

We conducted a cross-sectional survey using multistage stratified cluster random sampling across five provinces selected to capture geographic and socioeconomic diversity in China. Participants included adolescents aged 15-17 years, adults, and pregnant women. Prior to the DCE component, all respondents received a brief, standardised description of pertussis and pertussis vaccination to ensure a minimum level of understanding. Correlates of intention were examined using multivariable logistic regression and causal mediation analysis. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) varied efficacy, adverse events following immunisation (AEFI), duration, origin and cost, with willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimated via mixed logit models. Subgroup heterogeneity was assessed by demographic and cognitive characteristics.

Respondents expressed generally high vaccination intention. Among adolescents and adults, larger household size was associated with higher intention; among pregnant women, primiparity was associated with lower intention. Pertussis knowledge partially mediated the education-intention association. In the DCE, all attributes except duration influenced choices, with efficacy the dominant driver; lower AEFI risk, domestically produced vaccines, and lower cost increased preference. Pregnant women showed higher WTP than adults. Preferences varied across demographic and cognitive subgroups.

Respondents showed sizeable intention and consistent preferences for efficacy, safety and affordability, especially for domestically produced vaccines, informing programme design through targeted risk communication, willingness-to-pay-aligned pricing and integration within antenatal services to support real-world uptake.

Objective: To understand the etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Henan Province from 2021 to 2024, and provide baseline data for the development of more effective prevention and control strategies. Method: Data were collected from HFMD surveillance in Henan during 2021-2024. The positive rate of clinical samples and etiological characteristics of the pathogens were described, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of positive rate. Results: From 2021 to 2024, a total of 18 275 clinical samples from HFMD cases were tested in Henan, the positive rate of enterovirus was 71.45% (13 057/18 275). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher positive rate was associated with being man, age 3 and 5 years, living in northern Henan, high incidence month, stool sample, and samples collected within 3 days after onset (all P<0.05). Among 9 338 samples tested for EV-A71, CV-A16, CV-A6, and CV-A10, the samples positive for CV-A16 accounted for the highest proportion (63.90%, 5 967/9 338), followed by the samples positive for CV-A6 (17.70%, 1 653/9 338), other enterovirus (15.16%, 1 416/9 338), CV-A10 (2.74%, 256/9 338), multi pathogens (0.28%, 26/9 338), and EV-A71 (0.22%, 20/9 338). The distribution of pathogens differed across years, age groups, case types, and areas (all P<0.001). CV-A16 was the predominant pathogen in 2021, 2022, and 2024, while CV-A6 was predominated in 2023. Younger age groups were mainly infected with CV-A16 and CV-A6, whereas older age groups were mainly infected with CV-A16 and other enterovirus. In mild cases 63.97% were infected with CV-A16, while in severe cases, 36.36% were infected with other enteroviruses and CV-A16 respectively. Although CV-A16 was the predominant pathogen in Henan, western Henan had the lowest proportion of CV-A16 infection cases (51.90%), while southern Henan had the highest proportion of CV-A16 infection cases (78.98%). Conclusions: The positive rate of clinical samples from HFMD cases in Henan was influenced by sex, age, area, month, sample type, and the interval between onset and sample collection. It is necessary to take targeted measures to improve the surveillance. Furthermore, the pathogen spectrum of HFMD in Henan continues to change, it is suggested to further improve the serotyping of enterovirus and conduct long-term and extensive surveillance for HFMD pathogen spectrum to understand the epidemiological patterns and incidence trends of HFMD.