Amasya University

The CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear) materials caused to serious health risks that the effective detection of these agents is very important. Macrocyclic fluorescent sensors based on Pillar[5]arene bearing multi Bodipy units have been designed for toxic agents in the CBRN area. The prepared non-symmetric Pillar[5]arene derivative (Pillar[5]-Bodipys) was characterized by NMR, elemental analysis, FT-IR and melting point methods. The macrocyclic sensor exhibits a strong emission around 510 nm, which is used to monitor the interaction of toxic anions. Ion-binding experiments of the chemosensor have been examined in half-aqueous medium with a wide range of anions and the detection process is monitored by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. The results demonstrated that the chemosensor, Pillar[5]-Bodipys, has a sensitivity and selectivity toward toxic F^- ion. The fluorescence intensity of Pillar[5]-Bodipys quenched significantly in the presence of F^- anion and LOD was determined as 2.1x10^-7 M. In the detection of F^- ion, Pillar[5]-Bodipys has also an ideal response time and good stability in a range of pH's. The biological imaging was examined for the detection of F^- ion by Pillar[5]-Bodipys, that the fluorescent macrocyclic sensor has a low toxicity. It can be successfully used in the recognition of F^- ions on living cells.

This study evaluated the effects of increasing dietary riboflavin levels on laying performance, egg quality, and yolk antioxidant status in Japanese quails, to reassess current riboflavin requirements. A total of 120 female quails (77 days old) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments (0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 mg/kg riboflavin supplementation on an as-fed basis), with six replicates of four birds each. The trial lasted 84 days. The basal diet contained 1.56 mg/kg riboflavin. Supplementation with 2 mg/kg riboflavin significantly improved egg production (EP), egg mass (EM), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR), compared to the control group (P < 0.01). The best FCR was observed at 2 mg/kg, while 12 mg/kg supplementation negatively affected EP and FI (P < 0.01). Shell strength increased with riboflavin levels between 4 and 12 mg/kg (P = 0.043), although shell thickness, ratio, and damaged egg percentage were unaffected (P > 0.05). Internal egg quality, including yolk index, albumen index, and Haugh unit, was significantly improved at 8 and 12 mg/kg riboflavin (P < 0.01). In terms of antioxidant capacity, yolk DPPH radical scavenging activity increased linearly with riboflavin supplementation (P < 0.01), while malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations decreased, particularly at 12 mg/kg (P = 0.025). These findings suggest that riboflavin plays a role in enhancing redox balance in egg yolk. In conclusion, riboflavin supplementation between 6.50-7.04 mg/kg (total dietary levels: 8.06-8.60 mg/kg) was sufficient to maintain optimal performance and improve internal egg quality and antioxidant status in laying quails, suggesting that current riboflavin recommendations may underestimate physiological needs, particularly under modern production conditions.

PEMFCs (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells) are devices widely used today in hydrogen power generation and energy storage systems.PEMFC parameter estimation is crucial for optimizing fuel cell performance, reducing costs, and ensuring system reliability.Accurate estimation allows for better modeling and simulation, and minimizes the need for expensive and time-consuming experimentsThe study focuses on a multistrategy alpha evolution algorithm (MSAE) aimed at improving the accuracy of parameter estimation in PEMFCs.The MSAE features enhancements over the traditional alpha evolution method, such as employing a Halton sequence to create the initial population and using a fitness-distance balance technique for selecting appropriate candidate solutionsTo assess the coherence and reliability of MSAE, a comparison is made with existing techniques in the literature in three distinct cases.In Case I, there are no parameter restrictions, reflecting conventional parameter estimation approaches.Case II introduces restrictions among the parameters to evaluate consistency, while Case III investigates consistency with varying limits.The results are presented using the sum of squared error (SSE) for comparison with other upcoming algorithms.Considering that SSE differences may be very small in some cases, addnl. error measures are also used for the evaluation.The results demonstrate that MSAE exceeds other competitive metaheuristic algorithms by achieving lower error rates, including SSE, mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE) and relative error (RE), while also ensuring highly compatible parameter estimations