Nuh Naci Yazgan University

More than 320 million surgical procedures are performed worldwide each year, and most of these procedures are performed under general anesthesia. In such anesthesia practices, patients' airways are usually managed by endotracheal intubation (ETT) or laryngeal mask (LM). These airway management techniques can lead to various pharyngolaryngeal symptoms in the postoperative period. The most common complications include sore throat, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, and laryngeal injuries. Endotracheal intubation can cause laryngeal injuries, especially during tube placement and removal. These injuries can lead to serious complications such as edema, granuloma, thickening of the vocal cords, subluxation, and nerve palsy. The frequency of postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms varies depending on the type of surgical intervention the patient has undergone, the duration of intubation, and the experience of the operators. Most pharyngolaryngeal injuries are associated with factors such as incorrect placement of the endotracheal tube, overinflation, prolonged indwelling, or incorrect use of the laryngeal mask. However, these symptoms are often considered transient and are often overlooked by patients or healthcare professionals. However, in some cases, long-term functional disorders related to voice, swallowing, and airway patency may develop.
The assessment of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms is critical for more effective management of patients throughout the treatment process and for optimizing their care. Early recognition and management of these symptoms by nurses and other healthcare professionals can reduce complications and increase patient satisfaction.
There is no standard scale in the literature that can assess and classify these symptoms after surgical anesthesia. Existing assessments usually address symptoms separately and are usually performed with subjective measurements. The aim of this study was to develop a scale that can more systematically assess oral and pharyngolaryngeal symptoms such as sore throat, hoarseness, and difficulty swallowing after surgical interventions. Conducting validity and reliability tests of this scale will be an important step in improving patient care during surgical procedures and managing postoperative symptoms more effectively. The aim of this study was to develop a scale to assess pharyngolaryngeal symptoms after general anesthesia and to determine its validity and reliability.

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of virtual reality glasses (VRG) and meditation music on anxiety, pain, vital signs, satisfaction and pregnancy outcomes during the embryo transfer (ET) procedure.
H1: VR glasses + meditation music (1st intervention group), meditation music (2nd intervention group) application has an effect on anxiety.
H2: VR glasses + meditation music (1st intervention group), meditation music (2nd intervention group) application has an effect on pain.
H3: VR glasses + meditation music (1st intervention group), meditation music (2nd intervention group) application has an effect on vital signs (pulse rate, blood pressure, respiration).
H4: VR glasses + meditation music (1st intervention group), meditation music (2nd intervention group) application has an effect on patient satisfaction.
H5: VR glasses + meditation music (1st intervention group), meditation music (2nd intervention group) application has an effect on pregnancy outcomes.
35 women will be included in the VRG+meditation group, 35 women in the meditation group, and 35 women in the control group. The first group will be shown a nature view with VRG and will listen to meditation music 15 minutes before the ET. The second group will be shown meditation music 15 minutes before the embryo transfer. No intervention will be made in the third group. In the first two groups, anxiety, pain, vital signs (pulse, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, respiration, and peripheral oxygen saturation) will be assessed 15 minutes before and immediately after the ET procedure. In the first group, satisfaction with the ET procedure, VRG application, and listening to meditation music will be assessed 15 minutes after the ET procedure. In the second group, satisfaction with the ET procedure and listening to meditation music will be assessed 15 minutes after the ET procedure.

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of binaural beat music played during spinal anesthesia knee arthroplasty on anxiety, pain and cortisol levels. The study was planned as a randomized controlled experimental design study. The hypotheses of the study are as follows;
* Binaural beat music played during spinal anesthesia knee arthroplasty has no effect on anxiety.
* Binaural beat music played during spinal anesthesia knee arthroplasty has an effect on anxiety.
* Binaural beat music played during spinal anesthesia knee arthroplasty has no effect on pain levels.
* Binaural beat music played during spinal anesthesia knee arthroplasty has an effect on pain levels.
* Binaural beat music played during spinal anesthesia knee arthroplasty has no effect on cortisol levels.
* Binaural beat music played during spinal anesthesia knee arthroplasty has an effect on cortisol levels.
A sample group will be formed with 20 patients in the intervention group and 20 patients in the control group. Binaural beat music will be played in the intervention group during the surgical procedure, and routine interventions will be applied to the control group.
Data collection in the intervention group is as follows;
* Patients will be interviewed in the surgery clinic before surgery and the descriptive characteristics form and the State Anxiety Inventory Form will be filled out.
* The 1st measurement of hemodynamic data will be recorded immediately before the surgery
* A musical concert will be started as soon as the surgery begins
* The musical concert will end when the surgery ends
* The 2nd measurement will be recorded immediately after the surgery ends
* In the post-surgery collection unit, the State Anxiety Inventory Form and the Visual Comparison Scale will be used, and a blood sample will be taken to determine cortisol values.
The control group data collection methods are as follows;
* Patients will be interviewed in the surgical clinic before surgery and the descriptive characteristics form and the State Anxiety Inventory Form will be filled in
* The first measurement of hemodynamic data will be recorded immediately before the surgical procedure
* The second measurement will be recorded immediately after the surgical procedure is completed
* Blood samples will be taken in the post-surgical recovery unit to determine the State Anxiety Inventory Form, Visual Comparison Scale and cortisol values.