Although breast cancer is predominantly seen in women, men do have scant breast
tissue and hence they too are prone to breast cancer. Though the numbers are small,
accounting for 1% of all breast cancers and 0.5% of all cancers in men, one needs
to be aware of their risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic measures, treatment
options and their overall prognosis. Breast cancers in both males and females share
common denominators however there are few significant differences between the two.
Lack of awareness, compounding a lack of regular screening may contribute to the
differences. The clinical presentation can often be mistaken for benign entities by both
patients and physicians alike, leading to a delayed diagnosis. This can unfortunately lead to an initial presentation with late-stage disease and are therefore associated with poor prognosis. Due to its rarity, there are scant to zero prospective randomized research trials, contributing to its poor prognosis. More aggressive research with multi-center, multinational engagement is required to address these issues. Male breast cancer specific data is required rather than the extrapolated data from female breast cancer studies, due to some of the observed differences in risk factors, presentation, histologic features, and prognosis. In this review we aim to shed light on several facets of male breast cancer, including its demographics, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, prognostic factors, treatment options and overall prognosis.