Engineers from the University of Hong Kong have developed an AI-assisted ultrasound lens that can clearly visualise the heart and lungs through the rib cage, opening the door to faster bedside diagnosis in emergency settings without relying on radiation-based scans.
Dubbed SonoMeta, the ultrasound technology can capture images of the cardiac valve structures located up to approximately 10 centimetres behind the rib cage, the university noted in a media release.
HOW IT WORKS
The ultrasound lens is made up of metamaterials; it precisely controls ultrasound waves so that it penetrates the rib structures while reducing reflection and scattering.
"The metamaterial provides the 'hardware' capability to shape sound waves," HKU Faculty of Engineering professor Nicholas X. Fang, who led the research team, explained to
Mobihealth News
.
Meanwhile, the AI component of this imaging technology "provides the 'software' intelligence to determine the exact shape needed for each patient's unique anatomy," while eliminating individual variability and enabling dynamic zoom.
"This combination enables personalised wavefront engineering that adapts to individual patients – something impossible with a fixed lens alone," Prof Fang noted.
Its goal, the professor added, is "real-time signal reconstruction at the physical level, before any image is even formed, which fundamentally differs from post-processing image enhancement."
Based on the HKU research team's validation study, SonoMeta achieved a penetration depth of at least 10 cm, a spatial resolution of less than 500 micrometres, and a 9.3 decibels increase in signal-to-noise ratio.
This means, according to Prof Fang, that the ultrasound lens "enables visualisation of cardiac valve structures located up to 10 cm behind the rib cage with resolution approaching CT [computed tomography] quality, but with zero radiation and at the patient's bedside."
WHY IT MATTERS
Timely and accurate diagnoses of serious cardiac and thoracic conditions, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pulmonary embolism, remain a challenge using traditional ultrasound examinations. To avoid the high impedance of rib bones, a conventional ultrasound exam of the heart, for instance, scans through narrow intercostal spaces, which, as a result, restricts and complicates the angles available for images of cardiac structure. On top of that, acoustic windows shrink by 30% in people who are obese, the elderly, or dealing with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Meanwhile, in chest examinations, traditional ultrasound also struggles to penetrate air-filled lung tissues and rib bones.
For more accurate diagnoses, a doctor may refer a patient for X-rays or CT scans, which involve radiation exposure and may risk delaying critical treatment when ordered during emergencies.
"Rib interference is a daily clinical limitation," Prof Fang emphasised.
SonoMeta, then, serves as a solution to these long-standing challenges, the HKU research team said, with great potential clinical application in time-sensitive settings such as emergency rooms, intensive care units, and ambulances.
It can facilitate immediate bedside cardiac assessment, allow the early detection of haemopericardium, and distinguish heart failure from pulmonary embolism, added Prof Fang. It also has potential deployment in community settings, where CT-like capability is uncommon.
"Our goal is to make SonoMeta the world's first commercialised metamaterial-based ultrasound product, transforming bedside ultrasound from a 'window-dependent' tool into a 'window-independent' diagnostic powerhouse," the research lead said.
WHAT'S NEXT
The SonoMeta team has already completed principle validation, simulation modelling, and preclinical experiments. Multi-centre clinical trials are now underway at Ruijin Hospital in Shanghai, China, and United Christian Hospital in Hong Kong, specifically aiming to compare the metamaterial-based ultrasound against CT imaging.
Prof Fang mentioned that almost 1,000 clinical datasets from heart failure patients and approximately 400 clinical datasets from neurodegenerative disease patients will be used for the ultrasound lens validation.
The team is now developing a portable accessory that can be mounted on existing ultrasound probes, such as those developed by GE, Philips, and Mindray.
The team is also pursuing a dual regulatory approval track with China's National Medical Products Administration and the United States Food and Drug Administration.
Additionally, Prof Fang shared, the team plans to partner with manufacturers for an initial integration of their product before scaling into the high-margin aftermarket for clinical retrofit upgrades.
Future iterations of the technology, the research lead said, may include transcranial as well as therapeutic applications.