Article
Author: Batthyány, Dominik ; Ünsal, Banu C. ; Steibliene, Vesta ; Sigre-Leirós, Vera ; Jiménez-Martínez, Martha C. ; Ballester-Arnal, Rafael ; Fuss, Johannes ; Hashim, Hashim T. ; Gewirtz-Meydan, Ateret ; Billieux, Joël ; Chen, Ji-Kang ; Schulmeyer, Marion K. ; Csako, Rita ; Bőthe, Beáta ; Grubbs, Joshua B. ; Gola, Mateusz ; Quintana, Gonzalo R. ; Ciocca, Giacomo ; Vaillancourt-Morel, Marie-Pier ; Claire Van Hout, Marie ; Shibata, Mami ; Sharan, Pratap ; Rigaud, Kévin ; Ramos-Diaz, Jano ; Koós, Mónika ; Štulhofer, Aleksandar ; Gabrhelík, Roman ; Bergeron, Sophie ; Kalina, Ondrej ; Spasovski, Ognen ; Sniewski, Luke ; Quintero Garzola, Gabriel C. ; Jurin, Tanja ; Demetrovics, Zsolt ; Ponce, Fernando P. ; Lee, Sang-Kyu ; Cárdenas-López, Georgina ; Lewczuk, Karol ; Kraus, Dr. Shane W. ; Lukavská, Kateřina ; Stein, Dan J. ; Briken, Peer ; Nagy, Léna ; Lochner, Christine ; López-Alvarado, Silvia ; Költő, András ; Orosová, Ol̆ga ; Islam, Md. Saiful ; Burkauskas, Julius ; Strizek, Julian ; Castro-Calvo, Jesús ; De Tubino, Scanavino Marco ; Potenza, Marc N. ; Orosz, Gábor ; Mayta-Tristán, Percy ; Ismail, Mustafa ; Carvalho, Joana ; Miller, Dan J. ; Klein, Verena ; Fernandez, David P. ; Lin, Chung-Ying ; Rousseau, Ann ; Fujiwara, Hironobu ; Chen, Lijun ; Gjoneska, Biljana ; Corazza, Ornella ; Fernandez, Elaine F. ; Shoib, Sheikh
Sexual assertiveness (SA) is an important concept in understanding sexual well-being and decision-making. However, psychometric evaluation of existing measures of SA in diverse populations is largely lacking, hindering cross-cultural and comparative studies. This study validated the short version of the Sexual Assertiveness Questionnaire (SAQ-9) and examined its measurement invariance across several languages, countries, genders, sexual orientations, and relationship statuses among 65,448 sexually-active adults (
M
age
= 32.98 years,
SD
= 12.08, 58% women, 2.74% gender-diverse individuals) taking part in the International Sex Survey. The scale demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. Measurement invariance tests indicated that the SAQ-9 is suitable for comparing individuals from different cultures, genders, sexual orientations, and relationship statuses, and significant group differences were also noted (e.g., gender-diverse individuals reported the highest levels of SA). Findings suggest that the SAQ-9 is a reliable and valid measure of SA and appropriate for use in diverse populations, with specific populations exhibiting varying levels of SA.