Last update 01 Nov 2024

fdhA

Last update 01 Nov 2024

Basic Info

Synonyms

Formaldehyde dismutase, Glutathione-independent formaldehyde dehydrogenase

Introduction

Catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, and, to a lesser extent, long-chain alcohols, but is inactive against propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, methanol and ethanol. Can also catalyze the dismutation of a wide range of aldehydes such as formaldehyde.

Drugs associated with fdhA

SPL-334

Target

fdhA

Mechanism

fdhA inhibitors

Active Org.-

Originator Org.

The Johns Hopkins University

Active Indication-

Inactive Indication

Asthma [+3]

Drug Highest PhaseDiscontinued

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

100 Clinical Results associated with fdhA

100 Translational Medicine associated with fdhA

0 Patents (Medical) associated with fdhA

Literatures (Medical) associated with fdhA

01 Jun 2024·Journal of Hazardous Materials

Effects of nitrate reduction on the biotransformation of 1H-1,2,4-triazole: Mechanism and community evolution

Article

Author: Shen, Jinyou ; Tu, Yong ; Chi, Qiang ; Wang, Jing ; Pan, Ling ; Xu, Jing

Due to the refractory of 1 H-1,2,4-triazole (TZ), conventional anaerobic biological treatment technology is usually restricted by low removal efficiency and poor system stability. In this study, TZ biodegradation and nitrate reduction was coupled to improve the removal efficiency of TZ from polluted wastewater. Batch assay was performed with pure culture strain Raoultella sp. NJUST42, which was reported to have the capability to degrade TZ in our previous study. Based on batch assay result, complete removal of TZ could be achieved in the presence of nitrate, whereas only 50% of TZ could be removed in the control system. Long-term stability experiment indicated that the relative abundance of microorganisms (Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17, Georgenia, Anaerolinea, etc) was obviously enhanced under nitrate reduction condition. During long-term period, major intermediates for TZ biodegradation such as [1,2,4]Triazolidine-3,5-diol, hydrazine dibasic carboxylic acid and carbamic acid were detected. A novel TZ biotransformation approach via hydration, TZ-ring cleavage, deamination and oxidation was speculated. PICRUSt1 and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that hydration (dch), oxidation (adhD, oah, pucG, fdhA) of TZ and nitrate reduction (Nar, napA, nrfA, nirBK, norB, nosZ) were significantly enhanced in the presence of nitrate. Moreover, the significant enrichment of TCA cycle (gab, sdh, fum, etc.) indicated that carbon and energy metabolism were facilitated with the addition of nitrate, thus improved TZ catabolism. The proposed mechanism demonstrated that TZ biodegradation coupled with nitrate reduction would be a promising approach for efficient treatment of wastewater contaminated by TZ.

08 Jan 2024·ISME Communications

Facultative endosymbiosis between cellulolytic protists and methanogenic archaea in the gut of the Formosan termite Coptotermes formosanus

Article

Author: Yoshimura, Tsuyoshi ; Sakai-Tazawa, Miho ; Mabuchi, Takako ; Kaneko, Masayuki ; Kihara, Kumiko ; Hongoh, Yuichi ; Omori, Tatsuki ; Igai, Katsura ; Nishihara, Arisa ; Ohkuma, Moriya

AbstractAnaerobic protists frequently harbour methanogenic archaea, which apparently contribute to the hosts’ fermentative metabolism by consuming excess H2. However, the ecological properties of endosymbiotic methanogens remain elusive in many cases. Here we investigated the ecology and genome of the endosymbiotic methanogen of the Cononympha protists in the hindgut of the termite Coptotermes formosanus. Microscopic and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analyses revealed that a single species, designated here “Candidatus Methanobrevibacter cononymphae”, is associated with both Cononympha leidyi and Cononympha koidzumii and that its infection rate in Cononympha cells varied from 0.0% to 99.8% among termite colonies. Fine-scale network analysis indicated that multiple 16S rRNA sequence variants coexisted within a single host cell and that identical variants were present in both Cononympha species and also on the gut wall. Thus, “Ca. Methanobrevibacter cononymphae” is a facultative endosymbiont, transmitted vertically with frequent exchanges with the gut environment. Indeed, transmission electron microscopy showed escape or uptake of methanogens from/by a Cononympha cell. The genome of “Ca. Methanobrevibacter cononymphae” showed features consistent with its facultative lifestyle: i.e., the genome size (2.7 Mbp) comparable to those of free-living relatives; the pseudogenization of the formate dehydrogenase gene fdhA, unnecessary within the non-formate-producing host cell; the dependence on abundant acetate in the host cell as an essential carbon source; and the presence of a catalase gene, required for colonization on the microoxic gut wall. Our study revealed a versatile endosymbiosis between the methanogen and protists, which may be a strategy responding to changing conditions in the termite gut.

01 Jan 2021·Journal of Environmental SciencesQ2 · ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ECOLOGY

Bacterial community response to petroleum contamination in brackish tidal marsh sediments in the Yangtze River Estuary, China

Q2 · ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ECOLOGY

Article

Author: Wu, Jianqiang ; Wang, Min ; Su, Jinghua ; Sha, Chenyan ; Tan, Juan ; Huang, Shenfa ; Wu, Jian ; Wang, Qing

The brackish tidal marsh in the Baimaosha area of the Yangtze River Estuary was severely contaminated by 400 tons of heavy crude petroleum from a tanker that sank in December 2012. The spill accident led to severe environmental damage owing to its high toxicity, persistence and wide distribution. Microbial communities play vital roles in petroleum degradation in marsh sediments. Therefore, taxonomic analysis, high-throughput sequencing and 16S rRNA functional prediction were used to analyze the structure and function of microbial communities among uncontaminated (CK), lightly polluted (LP), heavily polluted (HP), and treated (TD) sediments. The bacterial communities responded with increased richness and decreased diversity when exposed to petroleum contamination. The dominant class changed from Deltaproteobacteria to Gammaproteobacteria after petroleum contamination. The phylum Firmicutes increased dramatically in oil-enriched sediment by 75.78%, 346.19% and 267.26% in LP, HP and TD, respectively. One of the suspected oil-degrading genera, Dechloromonas, increased the most in oil-contaminated sediment, by 540.54%, 711.27% and 656.78% in LP, HP and TD, respectively. Spore protease, quinate dehydrogenase (quinone) and glutathione-independent formaldehyde dehydrogenase, three types of identified enzymes, increased enormously with the increasing petroleum concentration. In conclusion, petroleum contamination altered the community composition and microorganism structure, and promoted some bacteria to produce the corresponding degrading enzymes. Additionally, the suspected petroleum-degrading genera should be considered when restoring oil-contaminated sediment.

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fdhA

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