Last update 01 Nov 2024

GINS2

Last update 01 Nov 2024

Basic Info

Synonyms

DNA replication complex GINS protein PSF2, GINS complex subunit 2, GINS2

+ [2]

Introduction

Required for correct functioning of the GINS complex, a complex that plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication, and progression of DNA replication forks (PubMed:17417653). GINS complex is a core component of CDC45-MCM-GINS (CMG) helicase, the molecular machine that unwinds template DNA during replication, and around which the replisome is built (PubMed:32453425, PubMed:34694004, PubMed:34700328, PubMed:35585232).

Drugs associated with GINS2

US12029785

Patent Mining

Target

GINS2

Mechanism-

Active Org.

Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH

Originator Org.

Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH

Active Indication

Neoplasms

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhaseDiscovery

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

100 Clinical Results associated with GINS2

100 Translational Medicine associated with GINS2

0 Patents (Medical) associated with GINS2

118

Literatures (Medical) associated with GINS2

01 Jul 2024·Cancer Biomarkers

GINS2 promotes the progression of human HNSCC by altering RRM2 expression

Article

Author: Yin, Rong ; Du, Mingyu ; Zhang, Pingchuan ; Qian, Luxi ; Yao, Chengyun ; Peng, Fanyu ; Wu, Jing ; Yin, Li ; Wang, Tianxiang ; He, Xia

INTRODUCTION: GINS2 exerts a carcinogenic effect in multiple human malignancies, while it is still unclear that the potential roles and underlying mechanisms of GINS2 in HNSCC. METHODS: TCGA database was used to screen out genes with significant differences in expression in HNSCC. Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR were used to measure the expression of GINS2 in HNSCC tissues and cells. GINS2 was detected by qRT-PCR or western blot after knockdown or overexpression. Celigo cell counting, MTT, colony formation, and flow cytometric assay were used to check the ability of proliferation and apoptosis. Bioinformatics and microarray were used to screen out the downstream genes of GINS2. RESULTS: GINS2 in HNSCC tissues and cells was up-regulated, which was correlated with poor prognosis. GINS2 gene expression was successfully inhibited and overexpressed in HNSCC cells. Knockdown of GINS2 could inhibit proliferation and increase apoptosis of cells. Meanwhile, overexpression of GINS2 could enhance cell proliferation and colony formation. Knockdown of RRM2 may inhibit HNSCC cell proliferation, while overexpression of RRM2 rescued the effect of reducing GINS2 expression. CONCLUSION: Our study reported the role of GINS2 in HNSCC for the first time. The results demonstrated that in HNSCC cells, GINS2 promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis via altering RRM2 expression. Therefore, GINS2 might play a carcinogen in HNSCC, and become a specific promising therapeutic target.

01 Jun 2024·Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology

RNA Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals the Downregulation of DNA Replication Genes by Morindone in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Article

Author: Nor Rashid, Nurshamimi ; Chee, Cheok Wui ; Abdullah, Iskandar ; Mohd Hashim, Najihah

Morindone, a natural anthraquinone compound, has been reported to have significant pharmacological properties in different cancers. However, its anticancer effects in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. In this study, RNA sequencing was used to assess the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following morindone treatment in two CRC cell lines, HCT116 and HT29 cells. Functional enrichment analysis of overlapping DEGs revealed that negative regulation of cell development from biological processes and the MAPK signalling pathway were the most significant Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genome pathway, respectively. Seven hub genes were identified among the overlapping genes, including MCM5, MCM6, MCM10, GINS2, POLE2, PRIM1, and WDHD1. All hub genes were found downregulated and involved in DNA replication fork. Among these, GINS2 was identified as the most cancer-dependent gene in both cells with better survival outcomes. Validation was performed on seven hub genes with rt-qPCR, and the results were consistent with the RNA sequencing findings. Collectively, this study provides corroboration of the potential therapeutic benefits and suitable pharmacological targets of morindone in the treatment of CRC.

01 Feb 2024·Journal of Applied Genetics

Identification of potential biomarkers for melanoma cancer (black tumor) using bioinformatics strategy: a study based on GEO and SRA datasets

Article

Author: Bassfar, Zaid ; Soliman, Mona H ; Hakami, Mohammed Ageeli ; ALMatrafi, Tahani Ahmad ; Almohaimeed, Hailah M ; Jalal, Mohammed M ; Almasoudi, Hassan Hussain ; Binshaya, Abdulkarim S ; Moawadh, Mamdoh S ; Alghamdi, Youssef S ; Badahdah, Fatima Ahmed ; Mohammedsaleh, Zuhair M

Melanoma, a highly invasive type of skin cancer that penetrates the entire dermis layer, is associated with increased mortality rates. Excessive exposure of the skin to sunlight, specifically ultraviolet radiation, is the underlying cause of this malignant condition. The appearance of unique skin moles represents a visible clue, referred to as the "ugly duckling" sign, indicating the presence of melanoma and its association with cellular DNA damage. This research aims to explore potential biomarkers derived from microarray data, employing bioinformatics techniques and methodologies, for a thorough investigation of melanoma skin cancer. The microarray dataset for melanoma skin cancer was obtained from the GEO database, and thorough data analysis and quality control measures were performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The top 14 highly expressed DEGs were identified, and their gene information and protein sequences were retrieved from the NCBI gene and protein database. These proteins were further analyzed for domain identification and network analysis. Gene expression analysis was conducted to visualize the upregulated and downregulated genes. Additionally, gene metabolite network analysis was carried out to understand the interactions between highly interconnected genes and regulatory transcripts. Molecular docking was employed to investigate the ligand-binding sites and visualize the three-dimensional structure of proteins. Our research unveiled a collection of genes with varying expression levels, some elevated and others reduced, which could function as promising biomarkers closely linked to the development and advancement of melanoma skin cancer. Through molecular docking analysis of the GINS2 protein, we identified two natural compounds (PubChem-156021169 and PubChem-60700) with potential as inhibitors against melanoma. This research has implications for early detection, treatment, and understanding the molecular basis of melanoma.

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GINS2

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