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Last update 08 May 2025

HOXD9

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

homeobox D9, Homeobox protein Hox-4C, Homeobox protein Hox-5.2

+ [4]

Introduction

Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis.

Drugs associated with HOXD9

CN117069838

Patent Mining

Target

HOXD9

Mechanism-

Active Org.

Guangdong Saier Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

Originator Org.

Guangdong Saier Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

Active Indication

Neoplasms

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhaseDiscovery

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

100 Clinical Results associated with HOXD9

100 Translational Medicine associated with HOXD9

0 Patents (Medical) associated with HOXD9

141

Literatures (Medical) associated with HOXD9

01 Dec 2025·Histochemistry and Cell Biology

The HOX code of human adult fibroblasts reflects their ectomesenchymal or mesodermal origin

Article

Author: Španko, Michal ; Gál, Peter ; Lacina, Lukáš ; Hradilová, Miluše ; Šáchová, Jana ; Výmolová, Barbora ; Pienta, Kenneth J ; Pfeiferová, Lucie ; Kolář, Michal ; Machoň, Vladimír ; Smetana, Karel ; Szabo, Pavol ; Šedo, Aleksi ; Valach, Jaroslav ; Bušek, Petr

AbstractFibroblasts, the most abundant cell type in the human body, play crucial roles in biological processes such as inflammation and cancer progression. They originate from the mesoderm or neural-crest-derived ectomesenchyme. Ectomesenchyme-derived fibroblasts contribute to facial formation and do not express HOX genes during development. The expression and role of the HOX genes in adult fibroblasts is not known. We investigated whether the developmental pattern persists into adulthood and under pathological conditions, such as cancer. We collected adult fibroblasts of ectomesenchymal and mesodermal origins from distinct body parts. The isolated fibroblasts were characterised by immunocytochemistry, and their transcriptome was analysed by whole genome profiling. Significant differences were observed between normal fibroblasts from the face (ectomesenchyme) and upper limb (mesoderm), particularly in genes associated with limb development, including HOX genes, e.g., HOXA9 and HOXD9. Notably, the pattern of HOX gene expression remained consistent postnatally, even in fibroblasts from pathological tissues, including inflammatory states and cancer-associated fibroblasts from primary and metastatic tumours. Therefore, the distinctive HOX gene expression pattern can serve as an indicator of the topological origin of fibroblasts. The influence of cell position and HOX gene expression in fibroblasts on disease progression warrants further investigation.

01 May 2025·Gene

GALR1 and PENK serve as potential biomarkers in invasive non-functional pituitary neuroendocrine tumours

Article

Author: Xie, Yilin ; Su, Zhipeng ; Rao, Changjun ; Ye, Zhao ; Ye, Zhen ; Wu, Zerui ; Ma, Zengyi ; Zhang, Yichao

BACKGROUNDSome nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (NFPitNET) can show invasive growth, which increases the difficulty of surgery and indicates a poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanism related to invasiveness remains to be further studied. This study is to screen and identify the characteristic biomarkers of invasive NFPitNETs.METHODSBased on the data of 73 NFPitNETs microarray chips in the GSE169498 dataset, this study used weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA), differential expression analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and various machine learning methods (XGBOOST, LASSO regression, random forest, support vector machine) to screen candidate biomarkers for invasive NFPitNET. Then, using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to explore the differences in biological activities and signaling pathways between invasive NFPitNET and non-invasive NFPitNET. Single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) was used to analyze key biomarkers-related signaling pathways. Finally, the expression and function of the key biomarkers were verified by q-RT PCR, immunohistochemical (IHC) experiments and in vitro experiments.RESULTSCombined with WGCNA and differential expression analysis, 128 high-expression and 85 low-expression candidate biomarkers were preliminarily obtained. PPI analysis and four machine learning algorithms further identified GALR1, PENK and HOXD9. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve results showed that the three biomarkers had good predictive ability of invasiveness. After combining the validation set data, GALR1 and PENK were the final key biomarkers. Finally, PCR and IHC results verified the decreased expression of GALR1 and PENK in invasive NFPitNET and promotes proliferation and invasive ablity of pituitary tumor cells.CONCLUSIONThis study confirmed that the reduced expression of GALR1 and PENK is an important molecular feature of invasive NFPitNETs, which may play an important role in inhibiting the development of NFPitNET.

01 Jan 2025·Cancer Treatment and Research Communications

HOXB and HOXD genes contribute to the carcinogenic processes in glioblastoma: evidence form a bioinformatics analysis

Article

Author: Ghafouri-Fard, Soudeh ; Mousavi, Pegah ; Akhavan, Saeedeh ; Fathi, Mohadeseh ; Ahmadi, Mohsen ; Bazrgar, Maryam

PURPOSEGlioblastoma is an aggressive cancer that affects the brain. The Homeobox B and D (HOXB/D) family has been linked to tumor progression, but their exact mechanism remains unclear.MATERIAL AND METHODSThis study aimed to identify critical HOXB/D family members associated with glioblastoma and analyze their expression in glioblastoma using the GEPIA2 database. The study also assessed genetic alterations, their related transcription factors, miRNAs, gene-gene interactions, and correlations between their expression and immune infiltration using databases like cBioPortal, miRNet, GeneMANIA, and GSCA.RESULTSWe showed that HOXB2/3/7 and HOXD3/8/9/10/11/13 expression was higher in glioblastoma samples compared to normal samples. Increased expression of HOXB2/5/8/9/13 was associated with negative effects on overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free survival (PFS), while overexpression of HOXB2/5/9 was linked to inferior PFS. Heightened levels of HOXD4/9, HOXD9/11, and HOXD9/10/11 expression in glioblastoma patients were correlated with unfavorable outcomes in terms of OS, DSS, and PFS. HOXB/D genes were related to 20 different genes, mainly enriched in the Activation of HOX Genes During Differentiation R-HSA-5619507 pathway. Immune cells were linked to specific genes in glioblastoma, with HOXB2 and HOXD3 expression potentially causing resistance to Methotrexate and Z-LLNle-CHO, HOXB7 indicating sensitivity to Lapatinib but resistance to 18 other small molecules, HOXD8 leading to resistance against 5 small molecules, and upregulated HOXD9, HOXD10, and HOXD13 suggesting sensitivity to 2, 4, and 9 small molecules, respectively.CONCLUSIONTaken together, we showed contribution of HOXB and HOXD genes in the carcinogenic processes and proposed them as possible targets for treatment options.

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