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Last update 08 May 2025

GDF

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

GD, GdA, GdF

+ [16]

Introduction

Glycoprotein that regulates critical steps during fertilization and also has immunomonomodulatory effects. Four glycoforms, namely glycodelin-S, -A, -F and -C have been identified in reproductive tissues that differ in glycosylation and biological activity. Glycodelin-A has contraceptive and immunosuppressive activities (PubMed:7531163, PubMed:9918684). Glycodelin-C stimulates binding of spermatozoa to the zona pellucida (PubMed:17192260). Glycodelin-F inhibits spermatozoa-zona pellucida binding and significantly suppresses progesterone-induced acrosome reaction of spermatozoa (PubMed:12672671). Glycodelin-S in seminal plasma maintains the uncapacitated state of human spermatozoa (PubMed:15883155).

Drugs associated with GDF

HS235

Target

GDF x activin receptor

Mechanism

GDF modulators [+1]

Active Org.

35Pharma, Inc.

Originator Org.

35Pharma, Inc.

Active Indication

Obesity

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhasePhase 1

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

ACE-06X

Target

GDF

Mechanism

GDF modulators

Active Org.-

Originator Org.

Acceleron Pharma, Inc.

Active Indication-

Inactive Indication

Metabolic Diseases

Drug Highest PhasePending

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

Clinical Trials associated with GDF

NCT06714825

/ RecruitingPhase 1

Phase 1 Single and Multiple Ascending Dose Study in Males and Females Assessing the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Pharmacodynamics of HS235 in Overweight and Obese Otherwise Healthy Subjects

Study of HS235 for Assessing the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Pharmacodynamics of HS235 in Overweight and Obese Otherwise Healthy Subjects

Start Date28 Nov 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

35Pharma, Inc.

100 Clinical Results associated with GDF

100 Translational Medicine associated with GDF

0 Patents (Medical) associated with GDF

1,045

Literatures (Medical) associated with GDF

01 Sep 2025·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics

Transforming growth factor-beta gene family in Labeo rohita: Genome-wide molecular characterization and phylogenetic relationship with other vertebrates

Article

Author: Naz, Saima ; Chatha, Ahmad Manan Mustafa

Recent advancements in animal genetics, biotechnology, and bioinformatics can potentially contribute to the required improvement in fish production and quality. Current study explored for the first-time, various genes from Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) gene family which could play vital role in growth and development of Labeo rohita, an economically important freshwater fish. A number of tools and analysis like characterizing the selected genes, multiple alignment and clade-wise phylogeny, dual Synteny analysis and chromosomal distribution, characterization of proteins, secondary structure and 3D models of proteins, PROSITE scan analysis, and transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) of selected genes were performed to explore the relationship between selected genes from Labeo rohita and referenced species (Homo sapiens, Danio rerio, Oreochromis niloticus, Chelonia mydas, and Parus major). The study evaluated 27 genes from TGF-β gene family. The results suggested that physicochemical characteristics of studied genes exhibit a basic nature with the few exceptions. Two main clades (BPM like and GDF like) were obtained by the phylogenetic analysis across six vertebrate species. Homogeneity was observed in the gene structure for all selected genes of TGF-β gene superfamily. TGF-β family and TGF-β propeptide family were dominant in domain regions of studied genes. Gene structure comparisons suggested that the TGF-β gene superfamily has arisen by gene duplications events. The study identified five pairs of duplicated gene (segmental duplications) with the Ka/Ks < 1, indicating the negative selection pressure of these genes. The length of selected TFBSs (GATA, HOXD, STAT, HNF-1A, and YY1) ranged from 5 to 9 bp, with the HOXD having maximum bp. This study explored the molecular characterization for TGF-β gene family and related proteins in L. rohita and will potentially serve as basis of development of novel strategies in improvement of fish culture.

01 Aug 2025·Journal of Affective Disorders

A novel sex-specific association between insulin resistance and depressive symptoms in older adults: The potential mediating role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Article

Author: Boccardi, Virginia ; Alunno, Martina ; Mecocci, Patrizia ; Mancinetti, Francesca ; Labarile, Flavia ; Bastiani, Patrizia ; Scamosci, Michela ; Cecchetti, Roberta

BACKGROUNDInsulin resistance (IR) and depression are increasingly recognized as interconnected conditions in aging, potentially linked through chronic low-grade inflammation ("inflammaging"). The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has emerged as a validated surrogate marker of IR, yet its relationship with inflammatory biomarkers and depressive symptoms in older adults remains underexplored.OBJECTIVEThis study investigated the association between the TyG index, depressive symptoms, and circulating inflammatory molecules in cognitively healthy older adults, with emphasis on sex-specific differences and the potential mediating role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).METHODSIn this retrospective study, 118 non-diabetic older adults (mean age 74.1 years; 52.5 % men) with preserved cognition (MMSE ≥27) were assessed. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and 27 cytokines and growth factors were quantified via multiplex immunoassay. The TyG index was calculated from fasting glucose and triglyceride levels. Multiple linear regression models controlled for age, sex, BMI, and medication use.RESULTSDepressive symptoms (GDS ≥5) were present in 31.35 % of participants. Those with depression had lower levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and elevated levels of VEGF and MCP-1. TyG index correlated with both GDS scores (r = 0.239, p = 0.017) and VEGF (r = 0.271, p = 0.005), with significant associations observed only in women. VEGF emerged as a key mediator in the TyG-depression link in women (R² = 0.425).CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest a sex-specific metabolic-inflammatory signature in late-life depression. VEGF may serve as a mechanistic link between IR and depressive symptoms in older women, supporting sex-tailored interventions.

01 May 2025·The American Journal of Pathology

Liver X Receptor–Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Activation Drives Profibrotic Changes in the Aqueous Outflow Tract of Uveitic Glaucoma

Article

Author: Skiba, Nikolai ; Rao, Vasantha ; Choi, Jin A ; Ju, Hyun Hee ; Ahn, Jin-Hyun ; Lee, Jiyoung ; Kim, Seon-Kyu ; Kim, Seon-Young

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced anterior uveitis is linked to increased intraocular pressure, suggesting profibrotic changes in the eye's drainage system. Previous studies on the aqueous humor (AH) of patients with CMV uveitic glaucoma (UG) highlighted the activation of the liver X receptor (LXR) pathway, yet a potential that it has a role in increased intraocular pressure remained unelucidated. Herein, the LXR pathway's role in AH outflow in UG was explored. Global transcriptional analysis revealed that LXR activation primarily induces transforming growth factor-β signaling, with growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a growth factor in the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, being one of the most up-regulated genes in LXR-agonist-treated trabecular meshwork cells. GDF-15 levels showed a twofold expression in the AH of patients with UG (n = 44) compared with controls (n = 24; P = 0.024) and increased with more anti-glaucoma eyedrops and glaucoma surgeries (P < 0.05). LXRα/β and GDF-15 were found in human outflow tissue and were up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide and CMV infection. In an experimental endotoxin uveitis model, GDF-15 levels were up-regulated by the treatment with LXR agonists and lipopolysaccharide. In human trabecular meshwork cells, LXR agonists triggered actin stress fiber formation and α-smooth muscle actin expression, both reduced by GDF-15 neutralization. These results suggest that the LXR-GDF-15 pathway contributes to profibrotic changes in UG and plays a role in disease pathogenesis.

News (Medical) associated with GDF

28 Nov 2024

·www.globenewswire.com

35Pharma Closes Series C Financing to Advance Clinical Pipeline of Activin Inhibitors for Pulmonary Hypertension, Cardiometabolic Disease and Obesity

Financing led by Frazier Life Sciences with participation from new investors including Vivo Capital, Janus Henderson Investors, Deep Track Capital, Paradigm BioCapital Advisors and Columbia Threadneedle Nov. 26, 2024 -- 35Pharma, a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing TGF-beta superfamily therapeutics, today announced the closing of an oversubscribed $53 million Series C financing. The company plans to use the proceeds to advance its pipeline of Activin and GDF inhibitors, HS135 for pulmonary hypertension and HS235 for cardiometabolic disease and obesity. The Series C financing was led by Frazier Life Sciences with participation from additional new investors that included Vivo Capital, Janus Henderson Investors, Deep Track Capital, Paradigm BioCapital Advisors, Columbia Threadneedle, as well as from existing investors VenBio, Surveyor Capital, Logos Capital and Marshall Wace. "We are delighted to close this Series C financing, which brings multiple new marquee healthcare investors into our cap table," said Ilia A. Tikhomirov, CEO of 35Pharma. "This financing is intended to support initial clinical proof-of-concept studies for HS135 in pulmonary hypertension, as well as advance HS235 - our candidate for the treatment of HFpEF and obesity - through a Phase 1 proof-of-biology trial in obese and overweight healthy volunteers." "Targeting Activin- and GDF-mediated signaling has emerged as an important therapeutic approach across cardiometabolic and pulmonary disease," said Kevin Li, M.D., Principal at Frazier Life Sciences. "Drawing from its deep expertise in TGF-beta biology and protein engineering, 35Pharma has developed two clinical-stage assets with the potential for best-in-class efficacy and safety. Frazier Life Sciences is pleased to support the team in advancing their pipeline through the clinic, and toward the goal of transforming the standard of care in pulmonary hypertension, obesity, and heart failure." 35Pharma is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing best-in-class transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily ligand traps for pulmonary hypertension, obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. 35Pharma leverages its scientific leadership in TGF-beta biology, combined with superior protein engineering, to discover innovative compounds that selectively and potently neutralize validated pathological TGF-beta superfamily ligands, while sparing beneficial homeostatic ligands. For more information, please visit www.35pharma.com The content above comes from the network. if any infringement, please contact us to modify.

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GDF

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