Last update 08 May 2025

MOTS-c

Basic Info

Synonyms
12S, Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c, Mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c
+ [5]
Introduction
Regulates insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis (PubMed:25738459, PubMed:33468709). Inhibits the folate cycle, thereby reducing de novo purine biosynthesis which leads to the accumulation of the de novo purine synthesis intermediate 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR) and the activation of the metabolic regulator 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (PubMed:25738459). Protects against age-dependent and diet-induced insulin resistance as well as diet-induced obesity (PubMed:25738459). In response to metabolic stress, translocates to the nucleus where it binds to antioxidant response elements (ARE) present in the promoter regions of a number of genes and plays a role in regulating nuclear gene expression in an NFE2L2-dependent manner and increasing cellular resistance to metabolic stress (PubMed:29983246). Increases mitochondrial respiration and levels of CPT1A and cytokines IL1B, IL6, IL8, IL10 and TNF in senescent cells (PubMed:29886458). Increases activity of the serine/threonine protein kinase complex mTORC2 and reduces activity of the PTEN phosphatase, thus promoting phosphorylation of AKT (PubMed:33554779). This promotes AKT-mediated phosphorylation of transcription factor FOXO1 which reduces FOXO1 activity, leading to reduced levels of MSTN and promotion of skeletal muscle growth (PubMed:33554779). Promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the TGFB/SMAD pathway (PubMed:30468456). Promotes osteoblast proliferation and osteoblast synthesis of type I collagens COL1A1 and COL1A2 via the TGFB/SMAD pathway (PubMed:31081069).

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