Last update 01 Nov 2024

GSR

Last update 01 Nov 2024

Basic Info

Synonyms

GLUR, glutathione reductase, Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial

+ [6]

Introduction

Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol.

Drugs associated with GSR

SIMR-1281

Target

GSR x TrxR1

Mechanism

GSR inhibitors [+1]

Active Org.

University of Sharjah

Originator Org.

University of Sharjah

Active Indication

Neoplasms

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhasePreclinical

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

N-1785

Target

GSR

Mechanism

GSR inhibitors

Active Org.

Nivalis Therapeutics, Inc.

Originator Org.

Alpine Immune Sciences, Inc.

Active Indication

Cystic Fibrosis

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhaseDiscovery

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

N-1861

Target

GSR

Mechanism

GSR inhibitors

Active Org.

Nivalis Therapeutics, Inc.

Originator Org.

Alpine Immune Sciences, Inc.

Active Indication

Cystic Fibrosis

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhaseDiscovery

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

100 Clinical Results associated with GSR

100 Translational Medicine associated with GSR

0 Patents (Medical) associated with GSR

9,653

Literatures (Medical) associated with GSR

01 Jan 2025·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology

Acute and multigenerational effects of short-chain chlorinated paraffins on the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus japonicus

Article

Author: Rhee, Jae-Sung ; Lee, Jihyun ; Do, Seong Duk

Although the measurement of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) in aquatic ecosystems has increased, limited information is available on their toxic effects on aquatic animals. To evaluate the harmful effects of SCCPs, we assessed their acute impact on 24-h survival and biochemical parameters, as well as their chronic effects on growth and reproduction over three generations in the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus japonicus. Dose-dependent increases in mortality were observed, with an LC50 value of 74.6 μg L^-1 for 24 h. Acute exposure to the LC10 value for 24 h significantly reduced feeding behavior, accompanied by a notable decrease in acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activity. Simultaneously, the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species increased, along with elevated malondialdehyde contents. Glutathione level was increased by the LC10 value of SCCPs with the induction of enzymatic activities of antioxidant defense components, including glutathione S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. When T. japonicus was continuously exposed to 1/10 of the NOEC and NOEC values for 12 days across three generations (F0-F2), growth retardation was observed in the F2 generation, with delay in the developmental periods from nauplius to adult. Although the total number of nauplii per brood was not significantly altered across generations, a significant delay in the onset of reproduction was observed in the F2 generation. Our findings suggest that even sublethal concentrations of SCCPs can negatively affect the health of copepod populations with consistent exposure.

31 Dec 2024·Plant Signaling & Behavior

Comparative analysis of geotypic variations in the proteome of Nostoc commune

Article

Author: Petijová, Linda ; Lang, Ingeborg ; Bačkor, Martin ; Weckwerth, Wolfram ; Ghatak, Arindam ; Routray, Deepti ; Ručová, Dajana ; Goga, Michal ; Chaturvedi, Palak

Cyanobacterium Nostoc commune is a filamentous terrestrial prokaryotic organism widely distributed, which suggest its high adaptive potential to environmental or abiotic stress. Physiological parameters and proteomic analysis were performed in two accession of N. commune with the aim to elucidate the differences of physiological trails between distant geotypes, namely Antarctic (AN) and central European (CE). The result obtained clearly showed that the AN geotype demonstrates elevated levels of total phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and phycobiliproteins, indicative of its adaptation to environmental stress as referred by comparison to CE sample. Additionally, we employed LC-MS analysis to investigate the proteomes of N. commune from AN and CE geotypes. In total, 1147 proteins were identified, among which 646 proteins expressed significant (up-regulation) changes in both accessions. In the AN geotype, 83 exclusive proteins were identified compared to 25 in the CE geotype. Functional classification of the significant proteins showed a large fraction involved in photosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and protein biosynthesis. Further analysis revealed some defense-related proteins such as, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase, which are rather explicitly expressed in the AN N. commune. The last two proteins suggest a more stressful condition in AN N. commune. In summary, our findings highlight biochemical processes that safeguard the AN geotype of N. commune from extreme environmental challenges, not recorded in CE accession, probably due to less stressful environment in Europe. This study brings the first ever proteomic analysis of N. commune, emphasizing the need for additional investigations into the climate adaptation of this species with rather plastic genome.

01 Dec 2024·The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

Paternal exercise induces antioxidant defenses by α-Klotho/Keap1 pathways in the skeletal muscle of offspring exposed to a high fat-diet without changing telomere length

Article

Author: Neto, Ivo Vieira de Sousa ; Tibana, Ramires Alsamir ; de Andrade, Rosangela Vieira ; Assis, Victória ; Prestes, Jonato ; de Souza, Paulo Eduardo Narcizo ; de Souza, Fabiane Hiratsuka Veiga ; Marqueti, Rita de Cassia ; Neves, Rodrigo Vanerson Passos ; Rosa, Thiago Santos ; da Silva, Adelino Sanchez Ramos ; Pinto, Ana Paula

Although previous studies demonstrated that the ancestral lifestyle can enhance the metabolic health of offspring exposed to an obesogenic diet, the specific connections between these positive effects in redox state and telomere length are unknown. We investigated the impact of paternal resistance training (RT) on stress-responsive signaling and the pathways involved in telomere homeostasis in skeletal muscle. This investigation encompassed both the fathers and first-generation litter exposed to a long-term standard diet (24 weeks) and high fat diet (HFD). Wistar rats were randomized into sedentary or trained fathers (8 weeks of resistance training). The offspring were obtained by mating with sedentary females. Upon weaning, male offspring were divided into four groups: offspring of sedentary or trained fathers exposed to either a control diet or HFD. The gastrocnemius was prepared for reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, ELISA, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. RT upregulated shelterin mRNA levels and antioxidant protein, preserving muscle telomere in fathers. Conversely, HFD induced a disturbance in the redox balance, which may have contributed to the offspring telomere shortening from sedentary fathers. Preconceptional paternal RT downregulates Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) mRNA levels in the skeletal muscle of progeny exposed to HFD, driving an increase in Glutathione reductase mRNA levels, Sod1 and Catalase protein levels to mitigate ROS production. Also, paternal exercise upregulates α-Klotho protein levels, mediating antioxidative responses without altering shelterin mRNA levels and telomere length. We provide the first in-depth analysis that the offspring's redox state seems to be directly associated with the beneficial effects of paternal exercise.

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GSR

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