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Last update 08 May 2025

GALR1

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

GAL1-R, galanin receptor 1, Galanin receptor type 1

+ [4]

Introduction

Receptor for the hormone galanin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity.

Drugs associated with GALR1

RWJ-57408

Target

GALR1

Mechanism

GALR1 modulators

Active Org.-

Originator Org.

R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute

Active Indication-

Inactive Indication

Gastrointestinal dysfunction

Drug Highest PhasePending

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

100 Clinical Results associated with GALR1

100 Translational Medicine associated with GALR1

0 Patents (Medical) associated with GALR1

387

Literatures (Medical) associated with GALR1

01 May 2025·Gene

GALR1 and PENK serve as potential biomarkers in invasive non-functional pituitary neuroendocrine tumours

Article

Author: Xie, Yilin ; Su, Zhipeng ; Rao, Changjun ; Ye, Zhao ; Ye, Zhen ; Wu, Zerui ; Ma, Zengyi ; Zhang, Yichao

BACKGROUNDSome nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (NFPitNET) can show invasive growth, which increases the difficulty of surgery and indicates a poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanism related to invasiveness remains to be further studied. This study is to screen and identify the characteristic biomarkers of invasive NFPitNETs.METHODSBased on the data of 73 NFPitNETs microarray chips in the GSE169498 dataset, this study used weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA), differential expression analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and various machine learning methods (XGBOOST, LASSO regression, random forest, support vector machine) to screen candidate biomarkers for invasive NFPitNET. Then, using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to explore the differences in biological activities and signaling pathways between invasive NFPitNET and non-invasive NFPitNET. Single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) was used to analyze key biomarkers-related signaling pathways. Finally, the expression and function of the key biomarkers were verified by q-RT PCR, immunohistochemical (IHC) experiments and in vitro experiments.RESULTSCombined with WGCNA and differential expression analysis, 128 high-expression and 85 low-expression candidate biomarkers were preliminarily obtained. PPI analysis and four machine learning algorithms further identified GALR1, PENK and HOXD9. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve results showed that the three biomarkers had good predictive ability of invasiveness. After combining the validation set data, GALR1 and PENK were the final key biomarkers. Finally, PCR and IHC results verified the decreased expression of GALR1 and PENK in invasive NFPitNET and promotes proliferation and invasive ablity of pituitary tumor cells.CONCLUSIONThis study confirmed that the reduced expression of GALR1 and PENK is an important molecular feature of invasive NFPitNETs, which may play an important role in inhibiting the development of NFPitNET.

01 May 2025·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

The potential neuro-oncology link of GALR1 protein molecular mechanism in breast cancer: Expression in BT549 and MDA-MB-231 cells and its role in proliferation and migration

Article

Author: Wei, Yegang ; Chai, Xiao ; Zhou, Cong ; Tan, Guohe ; Qin, Shuting ; Lu, Linjie ; Li, Jiehua ; Wei, Changyuan

The role of GALR1 (mannose bioactive peptide receptor 1) in multiple physiological and pathological processes has attracted much attention, especially in the occurrence and development of cancer. The objective of this study was to examine the expression pattern of GALR1 in BT549 (human breast cancer cells) and MDA-MB-231 (invasive breast cancer cells), and to comprehensively assess its function in cell proliferation and migration, with the aim of uncovering the potential neuro-tumor correlation of GALR1 in cancer. Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR were employed to detect the expression of GALR1 in BT549 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The function of GALR1 was evaluated by cell proliferation assay (e.g., MTT assay) and migration assay (e.g., scratch assay and Transwell migration assay). The expression of GALR1 was down-regulated through RNA interference to investigate its specific role in cell proliferation and migration. The expression of GALR1 was significantly up-regulated in BT549 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Downregulation of GALR1 resulted in a significant decrease in cell proliferation capacity, accompanied by a decrease in migration capacity. Further analysis suggests that GALR1 may act by regulating cell cycle-related proteins and migration-related signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways.

01 Feb 2025·Cancer Medicine

Transcriptomic Profiles for Elucidating Response of Bladder Intracavitary Hyperthermic Perfusion Chemotherapy in High‐Risk Nonmuscular Invasive Bladder Cancer

Article

Author: Wan, Pei ; Zou, Wenchao ; Pan, Jinghua ; Jiang, Huiming ; Jiang, Linjun ; Liu, Qinghua ; Chen, Nanhui ; Peng, Ying ; Zhang, Tianhui ; Zhang, Guihao ; Huang, Zhicheng

ABSTRACTBackgroundBladder intracavitary hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a promising treatment for non‐muscular invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the response to HIPEC remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the transcriptomic profiles associated with the response to HIPEC in NMIBC patients.MethodsRNA sequencing was performed on bladder tumor samples from NMIBC patients who underwent HIPEC treatment. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between responders and non‐responders to HIPEC were identified. Gene ontology and pathway analysis were conducted to explore the biological functions and pathways enriched in the DEGs. Additionally, the expression of specific immune‐related genes was evaluated for their association with HIPEC response. The diagnostic efficiency of selected genes in predicting relapse before and after HIPEC treatment was assessed in a validation cohort.ResultsWe assessed the expression status of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between responders and non‐responders to HIPEC. Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed that DEGs were enriched in immune‐related pathways, including cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, and antigen processing and presentation. Furthermore, the expression of several immune‐related genes, including ZMAP4, UPP2, and GALR1, was significantly associated with the response to HIPEC. Therefore, the immune system's reaction plays a crucial role in the response to HIPEC in patients with NMIBC. At last, a considerable diagnostic efficiency that tissue TMEFF2, KRT222, and GTSF1 in predicting relapse in NMIBC patients after HIPEC treatment, and ZMAP4, UPP2, and GALR1 in predicting relapse in NMIBC patients before HIPEC treatment in the validation cohort.ConclusionTranscriptomic profiling revealed that immune‐related pathways and genes play a crucial role in the response to HIPEC in NMIBC patients. These findings suggest that transcriptomic profiling could provide a valuable tool for predicting treatment outcomes and identifying therapeutic targets for NMIBC.

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