Request Demo

Last update 23 Jan 2025

PHOX2B

Last update 23 Jan 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

NBPhox, Neuroblastoma Phox, paired like homeobox 2B

+ [5]

Introduction

Involved in the development of several major noradrenergic neuron populations, including the locus coeruleus. Transcription factor which could determine a neurotransmitter phenotype in vertebrates. Enhances second-messenger-mediated activation of the dopamine beta-hydrolase and c-fos promoters, and of several enhancers including cAMP-response element and serum-response element.

Drugs associated with PHOX2B

PHOX2B PC-CAR T Cells (Hula Therapeutics)

Target

PHOX2B

Mechanism

PHOX2B modulators

Active Org.

Myrio Therapeutics Pty Ltd. [+1]

Originator Org.

Hula Therapeutics, Inc.

Active Indication

Neuroblastoma

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhaseIND Application

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

WO2023028494

Patent Mining

Target

PHOX2B

Mechanism-

Active Org.

Myrio Therapeutics Pty Ltd. [+1]

Originator Org.

The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia [+1]

Active Indication

Neoplasms

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhaseDiscovery

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

100 Clinical Results associated with PHOX2B

100 Translational Medicine associated with PHOX2B

0 Patents (Medical) associated with PHOX2B

818

Literatures (Medical) associated with PHOX2B

01 Jan 2025·The Journal of Neuroscience

Interactions between Arousal State and CO ₂ Determine the Activity of Central Chemoreceptor Neurons That Drive Breathing

Article

Author: Abbott, Stephen B.G. ; Stornetta, Daniel S. ; Souza, George M.P.R. ; Stornetta, Daniel S ; Abbott, Stephen B G ; Souza, George M P R

The homeostatic regulation of pulmonary ventilation, and ultimately arterial PCO 2 , depends on interactions between respiratory chemoreflexes and arousal state. The ventilatory response to CO 2 is triggered by neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) that function as sensors of central pH, which can be identified in adulthood by the expression of Phox2b and neuromedin B. Here, we examine the dynamic response of genetically defined RTN neurons to hypercapnia and arousal state in freely behaving adult male and female mice using the calcium indicator jGCaMP7 and fiber photometry. We found that hypercapnia vigorously activates RTN neurons with a low CO 2 recruitment threshold and with response kinetics that match respiratory activity whereas hypoxia had little effect. RTN activity increased transiently during wakefulness and respiratory-related arousals and rose persistently during rapid eye movement sleep, and their CO 2 response persisted under anesthesia. Complementary studies using inhibitory optogenetics show that RTN activity supports eupneic breathing under anesthesia as well as during states of high arousal, but their activity is redundant for voluntary breathing patterns. Collectively, this study demonstrates that CO 2 -activated RTN neurons are exquisitely sensitive to the arousal state, which determines their contribution to alveolar ventilation in relation to arterial PCO 2 .

01 Dec 2024·Journal of Comparative Neurology

Molecular Ontology of the Nucleus of Solitary Tract

Article

Author: Almeida‐Pereira, Gislaine ; Munuzuri, Ana Sofia Peraza ; Resch, Jon M. ; Gasparini, Silvia ; Geerling, Joel C.

ABSTRACTThe nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) receives visceral information and regulates appetitive, digestive, and cardiorespiratory systems. Within the NTS, diverse processes operate in parallel to sustain life, but our understanding of their cellular composition is incomplete. Here, we integrate histologic and transcriptomic analysis to identify and compare molecular features that distinguish neurons in this brain region. Most glutamatergic neurons in the NTS and area postrema co‐express the transcription factors Lmx1b and Phox2b, except for a ventral band of neurons in the far‐caudal NTS, which include the Gcg‐expressing neurons that produce glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1). GABAergic interneurons intermingle through the Lmx1b+Phox2b macropopulation, and dense clusters of GABAergic neurons surround the NTS. The Lmx1b+Phox2b macropopulation includes subpopulations with distinct distributions expressing Grp, Hsd11b2, Npff, Pdyn, Pou3f1, Sctr, Th, and other markers. These findings highlight Lmx1b–Phox2b co‐expression as a common feature of glutamatergic neurons in the NTS and improve our understanding of the organization and distribution of neurons in this critical brain region.

01 Dec 2024·Annals of Diagnostic Pathology

Long non-coding RNA MALAT 1 and PHOX2B expression in olfactory neuroblastomas and sympathetic neuroblastomas

Article

Author: Eickhoff, Jens C ; Esbona, Karla ; Sharma, Kusum ; Hu, Rong ; Lloyd, Ricardo V

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in transcriptional, epigenetic, and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and may influence carcinogenesis. MALAT1 is a lncRNA that is expressed in endocrine and many other neoplasms and it has been shown to have oncogenic and/or tumor suppressor effects in tumor development. Olfactory neuroblastomas arise in the nasal cavity while sympathetic neuroblastomas are present mainly in the adrenal and periadrenal regions. These neoplasms have overlapping histopathological features. Rare cases of sympathetic neuroblastomas metastatic to the nasal cavity have been reported. PHOX2B has been shown to be relatively specific for sympathetic neuroblastomas, but only a limited number of cases of olfactory neuroblastomas have been examined for PHOX2B expression. This study aimed to explore the potential utilization of MALAT1 and PHOX2B in distinguishing these two entities. Tissue microarrays (TMA) were created for olfactory neuroblastomas (n = 26) and sympathetic neuroblastomas (n = 52). MALAT1 lncRNA expression was assessed by in situ hybridization using RNAScope technology. TMA slides were scanned by Vectra multispectral imaging system and image analysis and quantification were performed with inForm software. PHOX2B expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. MALAT1 showed predominantly nuclear expression in both tumor types and MALAT1 expression was 2-fold higher in olfactory neuroblastomas compared to sympathetic neuroblastomas (p < 0.0001). PHOX2B showed nuclear staining in most sympathetic neuroblastomas (51/52, 98 %) while only 1 olfactory neuroblastoma (3.8 %) was focally positive for this marker. These findings suggest immunostaining of PHOX2B could be an excellent marker in distinguishing between these two tumor types.

Analysis

Perform a panoramic analysis of this field.

view full example data

Chat with Hiro

Get started for free today!

Accelerate Strategic R&D decision making with Synapse, PatSnap’s AI-powered Connected Innovation Intelligence Platform Built for Life Sciences Professionals.

Start your data trial now!

Synapse data is also accessible to external entities via APIs or data packages. Empower better decisions with the latest in pharmaceutical intelligence.

Bio

Bio Sequences Search & Analysis

Chemical

Chemical Structures Search & Analysis

PHOX2B

Basic Info

Related

Analysis