Last update 01 Nov 2024

BCAN

Last update 01 Nov 2024

Basic Info

Synonyms

BCAN, BEHAB, Brain-enriched hyaluronan-binding protein

+ [5]

Introduction

May play a role in the terminally differentiating and the adult nervous system during postnatal development. Could stabilize interactions between hyaluronan (HA) and brain proteoglycans.

Drugs associated with BCAN

BTP-7

Target

BCAN

Mechanism

BCAN modulators

Active Org.

Harvard Medical School [+1]

Originator Org.

Harvard Medical School

Active Indication

Glioma

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhasePreclinical

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

HG-1280

Target

BCAN x Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans

Mechanism

BCAN modulators [+1]

Active Org.-

Originator Org.

Human Genome Sciences, Inc.

Active Indication-

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhasePending

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

100 Clinical Results associated with BCAN

100 Translational Medicine associated with BCAN

0 Patents (Medical) associated with BCAN

302

Literatures (Medical) associated with BCAN

01 Nov 2024·Glia

Astrocyte‐derived factors regulate CNS myelination

Article

Author: Pavlovic, Anto ; Seiler, Sybille ; Foo, Lynette C. ; Nebel, Jana ; Rudolf, Franziska ; Seidenbecher, Constanze I. ; Gomes, Filipa Ramilo

AbstractThe role that astrocytes play in central nervous system (CNS) myelination is poorly understood. We investigated the contribution of astrocyte‐derived factors to myelination and revealed a substantial overlap in the secretomes of human and rat astrocytes. Using in vitro myelinating co‐cultures of primary retinal ganglion cells and cortical oligodendrocyte precursor cells, we discovered that factors secreted by resting astrocytes, but not reactive astrocytes, facilitated myelination. Soluble brevican emerged as a new enhancer of developmental myelination in vivo, CNS and its absence was linked to remyelination deficits following an immune‐mediated damage in an EAE mouse model. The observed reduction of brevican expression in reactive astrocytes and human MS lesions suggested a potential link to the compromised remyelination characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Our findings suggested brevican's role in myelination may be mediated through interactions with binding partners such as contactin‐1 and tenascin‐R. Proteomic analysis of resting versus reactive astrocytes highlighted a shift in protein expression profiles, pinpointing candidates that either facilitate or impede CNS repair, suggesting that depending on their reactivity state, astrocytes play a dual role during myelination.

01 Nov 2024·Biological Psychiatry

The Perineuronal Net Protein Brevican Acts in Nucleus Accumbens Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons of Adult Mice to Regulate Excitatory Synaptic Inputs and Motivated Behaviors

Article

Author: Calakos, Nicole ; Patel, Esha ; Hall, Victoria L. ; Hazlett, Mariah F. ; West, Anne E. ; Halvorsen, Aaron

Experience-dependent functional adaptation of nucleus accumbens (NAc) circuitry underlies the development and expression of reward-motivated behaviors.Parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acidergic) interneurons (PVINs) within the NAc are required for this process.Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are extracellular matrix structures enriched around PVINs that arise during development and have been proposed to mediate brain circuit stability.However, their function in the adult NAc is largely unknown.Here, we studied the developmental emergence and adult regulation of PNNs in the NAc of male and female mice and examined the cellular and behavioral consequences of reducing the PNN component brevican in NAc PVINs.We characterized the expression of PNN components in mouse NAc using immunofluorescence and RNA in situ hybridization.We lowered brevican in NAc PVINs of adult mice using an intersectional viral and genetic method and quantified the effects on synaptic inputs to NAc PVINs and reward-motivated learning.PNNs around NAc PVINs were developmentally regulated and appeared during adolescence.In the adult NAc, PVIN PNNs were also dynamically regulated by cocaine.Transcription of the gene that encodes brevican was regulated in a cell type- and isoform-specific manner in the NAc, with the membrane-tethered form of brevican being highly enriched in PVINs.Lowering brevican in NAc PVINs of adult mice decreased their excitatory inputs and enhanced both short-term novel object recognition and cocaine-induced conditioned place preference.Regulation of brevican in NAc PVINs of adult mice modulates their excitatory synaptic drive and sets experience thresholds for the development of motivated behaviors driven by rewarding stimuli.

01 Oct 2024·IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems

BCAN: Bidirectional Correct Attention Network for Cross-Modal Retrieval

Article

Author: Liu, Mengyuan ; Meng, Fanyang ; Wang, Huaqiu ; Liu, Hong ; Liu, Yang

As a fundamental topic in bridging the gap between vision and language, cross-modal retrieval purposes to obtain the correspondences' relationship between fragments, i.e., subregions in images and words in texts. Compared with earlier methods that focus on learning the visual semantic embedding from images and sentences to the shared embedding space, the existing methods tend to learn the correspondences between words and regions via cross-modal attention. However, such attention-based approaches invariably result in semantic misalignment between subfragments for two reasons: 1) without modeling the relationship between subfragments and the semantics of the entire images or sentences, it will be hard for such approaches to distinguish images or sentences with multiple same semantic fragments and 2) such approaches focus attention evenly on all subfragments, including nonvisual words and a lot of redundant regions, which also will face the problem of semantic misalignment. To solve these problems, this article proposes a bidirectional correct attention network (BCAN), which introduces a novel concept of the relevance between subfragments and the semantics of the entire images or sentences and designs a novel correct attention mechanism by modeling the local and global similarity between images and sentences to correct the attention weights focused on the wrong fragments. Specifically, we introduce a concept about the semantic relationship between subfragments and entire images or sentences and use this concept to solve the semantic misalignment from two aspects. In our correct attention mechanism, we design two independent units to correct the weight of attention focused on the wrong fragments. Global correct unit (GCU) with modeling the global similarity between images and sentences into the attention mechanism to solve the semantic misalignment problem caused by focusing attention on relevant subfragments in irrelevant pairs (RI) and the local correct unit (LCU) consider the difference in the attention weights between fragments among two steps to solve the semantic misalignment problem caused by focusing attention on irrelevant subfragments in relevant pairs (IR). Extensive experiments on large-scale MS-COCO and Flickr30K show that our proposed method outperforms all the attention-based methods and is competitive to the state-of-the-art. Our code and pretrained model are publicly available at: https://github.com/liuyyy111/BCAN.

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