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Last update 08 May 2025

PGLYRP1

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

peptidoglycan recognition protein 1, Peptidoglycan recognition protein short, PGLYRP

+ [6]

Introduction

Innate immunity protein that plays several important functions in antimicrobial and antitumor defense systems. Acts as a pattern receptor that binds to murein peptidoglycans (PGN) of Gram-positive bacteria and thus provides bactericidal activity (PubMed:9707603). Forms an equimolar complex with heat shock protein HSPA1A and induces programmed cell death through apoptosis and necroptosis in tumor cell lines by activating the TNFR1 receptor on the target cell membrane (PubMed:21247889, PubMed:26183779). In addition, acts in complex with the Ca(2+)-binding protein S100A4 as a chemoattractant able to induce lymphocyte movement (PubMed:26654597). Mechanistically, this complex acts as a ligand of the chemotactic receptors CCR5 and CXCR3 which are present on the cells of the immune system (PubMed:30713770). Promotes also the activation of lymphocytes that become able to kill virus-infected cells as well as tumor cells by modulating the spectrum of their target-cell specificity (PubMed:28977785, PubMed:29083508). Induction of cytotoxicity on monocyte surface requires interaction with TREM1 receptor (PubMed:25595774, PubMed:28977785).

Drugs associated with PGLYRP1

HG-1146

Target

PGLYRP1

Mechanism

PGLYRP1 modulators

Active Org.-

Originator Org.

Human Genome Sciences, Inc.

Active Indication-

Inactive Indication

Immune System Diseases [+2]

Drug Highest PhasePending

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

Tag-7 gene-modified vaccine(Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences)

Target

PGLYRP1

Mechanism

PGLYRP1 modulators

Active Org.-

Originator Org.

Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences

Active Indication-

Inactive Indication

Locally Advanced Melanoma [+1]

Drug Highest PhasePending

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

Clinical Trials associated with PGLYRP1

NCT04180774

/ CompletedPhase 1/2IIT

An Open-label Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Tag-7 Gene-modified Tumor Cell-based Vaccine in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Malignant Melanoma or Renal Cell Cancer

This study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of inactivated tumor cells genetically modified with the TAG-7 gene as immunotherapy for cancer. Patients with melanoma or kidney cancer were included since they have immune-dependent tumors. Treatment was done in the adjuvant setting after complete cytoreduction of locally advanced or metastatic disease or in the therapeutic setting in patients where complete cytoreduction was impossible.

Start Date31 Jan 2001

Sponsor / Collaborator

Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences

100 Clinical Results associated with PGLYRP1

100 Translational Medicine associated with PGLYRP1

0 Patents (Medical) associated with PGLYRP1

532

Literatures (Medical) associated with PGLYRP1

01 Jul 2025·Fish & Shellfish Immunology

Molecular and functional characterization of peptidoglycan recognition protein-L2 from Hexagrammos otakii (Ho-PGRP-L2) involved in innate immune response

Article

Author: Bai, Yifan ; Shao, Alan ; Liu, Yingying ; Yu, Shanshan ; Wang, Renjie ; Zhao, Lihua ; Shao, Huabin ; Xu, Ziyue ; Hu, Lucia

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), a family of pattern recognition receptors, play diverse roles in antimicrobial defense. This study investigated the role of a long-type peptidoglycan recognition protein designated as Ho-PGRP-L2 in the antibacterial immune response of the economically important fish species Hexagrammos otakii. Ho-PGRP-L2 was successfully cloned and characterized, which possesses a signal peptide, a typical PGRP domain, and a Zn²⁺ binding domain including four specific amino acid residues which were required for amidase activity. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that Ho-PGRP-L2 was predominantly expressed in the liver, with very low levels in the other tissues. The recombinant Ho-PGRP-L2 protein (rHo-PGRP-L2) exhibited polysaccharide-binding, bacteria-binding, bacteria agglutinating, amidase, and antibacterial activities, indicating its function as a recognizer and effector within the antibacterial immune response. Additionally, rHo-PGRP-L2 enhanced phagocyte chemotaxis, indicating its role as an 'immune activator'. These findings indicated that Ho-PGRP-L2 of H. otakii was involved in host defense against bacterial infections, laying a foundation for developments in H. otakii aquaculture disease management.

01 Jul 2025·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

The Enhanced activation of innate immunity in Drosophila S2 cells by Micrococcus luteus VKM Ac-2230 is mediated by Relish

Article

Author: Kachaev, Zaur M ; Ulianova, Yulia A ; Ghassah, Mona ; Shidlovskii, Yulii V ; Toropygin, Ilya Y ; Chmykhalo, Victor K ; Musabirov, Anton A ; Shaposhnikov, Alexander V ; Stepanov, Nikita G

The canonical model of immune response activation in Drosophila suggests that the IMD pathway is activated by Gram-negative (Gram (-)) bacteria, while the Toll pathway is activated by both Gram-positive bacteria (Gram (+)) and fungi. However, the mechanisms by which these pathogens promote cross-activation of these pathways remain controversial. In addition, the mechanisms of cross-activation in S2 cell culture remain unstudied. In this study, we investigated the role of two Gram (+) bacteria (Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis) and fungal spores (Metarhizium anisopliae) in activating the IMD pathway in S2 cell cultures. Cells were treated with Escherichia coli as a control to ensure the specificity of IMD pathway activation. Our results demonstrated a significant involvement of M. luteus in the activation of the IMD pathway in S2 cell cultures. This is evidenced by the marked activation of IMD pathway-dependent genes, as well as the proteolytic cleavage of the Relish protein, which serves as a key transcription factor for this pathway. We also observed a strong recruitment of Relish to the promoters of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes, along with a partial recruitment to the genes encoding peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs). Furthermore, RNA interference targeting Relish resulted in a significant reduction in the transcription levels of all AMP genes and most PGRPs. Similarly, we analyzed the contributions of B. subtilis and M. anisopliae to the cross-activation of the IMD pathway. Our data indicate that both B. subtilis and M. anisopliae also activate the IMD pathway, albeit to a lesser extent compared to M. luteus. At the same time, fungal spores exhibited minimal influence on the activation of the IMD pathway when compared to Gram (+) bacteria. Thus, we have investigated in detail the mechanisms of cross-activation of the immune response in S2 cell culture, suggesting that Relish may play a critical role in inducing a humoral immune response in Drosophila S2 cells, primarily against M. luteus and to a lesser extent against B. subtilis and M. anisopliae.

01 Jul 2025·Microbiological Research

Bacillus velezensis HR6-1 enhances salt tolerance in tomato by increasing endogenous cytokinin content and improving ROS scavenging

Article

Author: Dong, Han ; Shang, Wenkai ; Dong, Xiaoxing ; Ma, Xiaojing ; Piao, Fengzhi ; Guo, Zhixin ; Ouyang, Zhaopeng ; Ma, Haohao ; Li, Xinzheng ; Wang, Yong ; Zhu, Mengmeng ; Luo, Hengbin ; Shen, Shunshan ; Zhang, Tao

The application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGRP) is a promising and innovative strategy for alleviating salt stress in plants. However, the mechanism underlying PGRP-mediated alleviation of salt stress is currently unclear. In this study, we observed that the tomatoes inoculated with Bacillus velezensis HR6-1 exhibited better growth indicators and photosynthesis-related parameters than non-colonized tomatoes under salt stress. Physiological analysis showed that tomatoes inoculated with HR6-1 exhibited better Na⁺/K⁺ balance and lower ROS accumulation and oxidative damage, and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes compared with non-colonized tomatoes under salt stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed that under salt stress, HR6-1 treatment improved the expression of various transcription factors (especially WRKYs and ERFs) and many genes related to plant hormone signal transduction, the MAPK signaling pathway, the salt overly sensitive pathway, and detoxification in tomatoes. Moreover, HR6-1 inoculation increased the content of cZ- and tZ-type cytokinins in salt-treated tomato seedlings, which was consistent with the high expression of several cytokinin synthesis genes. Treatment with a cytokinin synthesis inhibitor prevented HR6-1-mediated improvement in salt tolerance in tomato seedlings, implying that HR6-1 stimulates cytokinin synthesis to enhance tomato resistance to salt stress. Our findings identify a potential biostimulant for improving tomato growth under salt stress and deepen our understanding of PGPR-mediated salinity alleviation in tomato seedlings.

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PGLYRP1

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