What are the side effects of Aflibercept?

Aflibercept, marketed under the brand name Eylea among others, is a medication primarily used to treat age-related macular degeneration (AMD), macular edema following retinal vein occlusion, diabetic macular edema, and diabetic retinopathy. As with any medical treatment, it is essential to be aware of the potential side effects associated with its use. While Aflibercept has proven to be effective for many patients, understanding possible adverse effects can help users and healthcare providers manage and mitigate risks.

One of the most common side effects of Aflibercept is an eye-related reaction following administration. This reaction might include discomfort or pain in the eye, increased intraocular pressure, and floaters, which are small shapes seen floating in one's field of vision. These symptoms typically occur shortly after the injection and usually resolve within a few days. However, if the discomfort persists or worsens, it is crucial to seek medical attention.

Another notable side effect is conjunctival hemorrhage, a condition where blood vessels in the conjunctiva break, causing a red patch on the white part of the eye. While this might appear alarming, it is generally harmless and resolves without intervention. Patients should, however, report any such occurrence to their healthcare provider to rule out other complications.

Inflammation inside the eye, or intraocular inflammation, is another possible side effect. Symptoms of inflammation can include redness, pain, light sensitivity, and visual disturbances. If any signs of inflammation appear, it is imperative to contact an ophthalmologist immediately to prevent any potential long-term damage to the eye.

Aflibercept may also cause more severe but rarer adverse effects. One such effect is retinal detachment, a serious condition where the retina pulls away from its normal position. Symptoms of retinal detachment can include the sudden appearance of floaters, flashes of light, and a shadow or curtain over a portion of the visual field. This condition requires urgent medical attention to prevent permanent vision loss.

Endophthalmitis, a severe eye infection, is another rare but serious side effect. Signs of endophthalmitis include severe eye pain, redness, decreased vision, and sensitivity to light. Immediate medical intervention is necessary if endophthalmitis is suspected, as it can lead to significant and irreversible vision loss if not promptly treated.

Moreover, some patients may experience systemic side effects due to the absorption of Aflibercept into the bloodstream. These can include arterial thromboembolic events (such as stroke or heart attack), which, although very rare, are severe and life-threatening. Patients with a history of cardiovascular disease should discuss their risks with their healthcare provider before starting treatment with Aflibercept.

It is also important to note that allergic reactions to Aflibercept can occur. Symptoms of an allergic reaction might include swelling, rash, itching, and difficulty breathing. If any signs of an allergic reaction appear, it is critical to seek emergency medical assistance.

In summary, while Aflibercept is a valuable treatment for various eye conditions, it is not without potential side effects. Patients receiving Aflibercept should be monitored for both common and rare adverse effects. Open communication with healthcare providers is essential to manage any side effects and to ensure the safe and effective use of the medication. If any unusual symptoms or side effects are experienced, prompt consultation with a healthcare professional is crucial.