What are the side effects of Anifrolumab-FNIA?

Anifrolumab-FNIA, marketed under the brand name Saphnelo, is a medication used to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). While it offers notable benefits for managing this chronic autoimmune disease, it is essential to be aware of its potential side effects. Understanding both the common and severe adverse reactions can help patients and healthcare providers make informed decisions about its use.

Common Side Effects:
One of the most frequently reported side effects of Anifrolumab-FNIA is an increased susceptibility to upper respiratory infections. Patients may experience symptoms such as a sore throat, nasal congestion, and cough. This is primarily because Anifrolumab-FNIA can lower the body's immune defense, making it easier for infections to take hold.

Another common side effect is infusion-related reactions. These reactions can occur during or shortly after the administration of the medication. Symptoms may include headache, nausea, dizziness, and flushing. While these reactions are generally mild to moderate in severity, they can be discomforting and may require medical attention if they persist or worsen.

Headache is also a common adverse effect. This can range from mild to severe and may be persistent in some patients. Acetaminophen or other over-the-counter pain relief medications can sometimes help mitigate this symptom, but it is always best to consult with a healthcare provider for appropriate management strategies.

Serious Side Effects:
While less common, Anifrolumab-FNIA can also lead to more serious complications. One significant concern is the potential for serious infections, including pneumonia and bronchitis. These infections can be severe and may require hospitalization. It is crucial for patients to promptly report any signs of infection, such as fever, persistent cough, or difficulty breathing, to their healthcare provider.

Hypersensitivity reactions are another serious side effect. These can manifest as severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, which is life-threatening. Symptoms may include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face and throat, severe rash, and itching. Immediate medical attention is necessary if any of these symptoms occur.

Malignancies have been observed in patients treated with Anifrolumab-FNIA, although the incidence is low. Regular monitoring and routine check-ups are essential for early detection and management of any potential malignancies.

Impact on Laboratory Parameters:
Anifrolumab-FNIA may also affect certain laboratory parameters. For instance, it can cause a reduction in white blood cell counts, which can further increase the risk of infections. Monitoring of blood cell counts is typically recommended throughout the treatment period.

Liver function tests may also show abnormalities. Elevations in liver enzymes can indicate liver inflammation or damage, necessitating regular monitoring and possible adjustments to the treatment regimen.

Conclusion:
While Anifrolumab-FNIA provides significant benefits for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, it is accompanied by a range of potential side effects. Common side effects such as upper respiratory infections, infusion-related reactions, and headaches are generally manageable. However, more serious adverse reactions, including severe infections, hypersensitivity reactions, and potential malignancies, require careful monitoring and prompt medical intervention. Regular communication with healthcare providers and routine monitoring are crucial to safely and effectively managing the benefits and risks associated with Anifrolumab-FNIA.