What are the side effects of Etretinate?

Etretinate is a synthetic retinoid primarily used in the treatment of severe psoriasis and other skin disorders. As with many medications, it can have side effects, some of which may be mild while others can be more severe. Understanding these side effects can help in making informed decisions about its use.

One of the most common side effects associated with etretinate is dryness of the skin, lips, and mucous membranes. This can lead to cracked lips, dry eyes, and nasal irritation. Patients are often advised to use moisturizers and lip balms to alleviate these symptoms. Additionally, dry skin can make it more susceptible to irritation and itching.

Another notable side effect is hair thinning or temporary hair loss. This can be distressing for some individuals but is usually reversible once the treatment is discontinued. Patients may also experience changes in their nails, such as brittleness or discoloration.

Etretinate can also have more severe dermatological effects. Some individuals may develop peeling of the skin, particularly on the palms and soles, or experience severe redness and scaling. In rare cases, patients may develop blisters or sores on the skin.

Apart from dermatological side effects, etretinate can impact other systems in the body. For instance, it may cause an increase in liver enzymes, indicating potential liver stress or damage. Regular monitoring of liver function tests is usually recommended during treatment. Elevated lipid levels, including cholesterol and triglycerides, are also common and may necessitate dietary adjustments or the use of lipid-lowering medications.

Bone and joint issues can arise with long-term use of etretinate. Some patients report experiencing muscle pain, joint pain, or stiffness. In extreme cases, calcification of ligaments and tendons can occur, leading to decreased mobility and discomfort.

Etretinate is also known to have teratogenic effects, meaning it can cause birth defects. Women of childbearing age must use effective contraception during treatment and for an extended period after discontinuation of the drug, as etretinate can remain in the body for several months.

Neuropsychiatric side effects, though less common, can include headaches, dizziness, and mood changes such as depression or anxiety. It is important for patients to report any severe or persistent mood changes to their healthcare provider.

Vision disturbances are another potential side effect. Some patients may experience blurred vision or difficulty seeing in low light conditions. Regular eye exams may be recommended to monitor any changes in vision.

In summary, while etretinate can be an effective treatment for severe skin conditions, it comes with a range of potential side effects. These can vary from mild to severe and can affect different parts of the body. Regular monitoring and communication with a healthcare provider are essential to manage these side effects and ensure the safe use of the medication.