What are the side effects of Indocyanine Green?

Indocyanine Green (ICG) is a medical dye commonly used in various diagnostic procedures, including angiography, liver function tests, and ophthalmic surgeries. Although generally considered safe, like any medical substance, it can cause side effects in some individuals. Understanding these side effects is crucial for both patients and healthcare providers.

One of the most common side effects associated with Indocyanine Green is an allergic reaction. Symptoms of an allergic reaction to ICG can range from mild to severe and may include itching, hives, or rash. In more serious cases, patients may experience difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, which can indicate anaphylaxis – a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. It's essential for patients to inform their healthcare provider of any known allergies before the administration of ICG.

Another possible side effect of Indocyanine Green is nausea. Some patients might experience a feeling of discomfort or unease in their stomach shortly after the dye is injected. This symptom is usually transient and resolves on its own without the need for additional treatment.

In rare instances, Indocyanine Green can cause cardiovascular side effects. These may include a sudden drop in blood pressure, rapid or irregular heartbeat, and in extreme cases, cardiac arrest. These severe reactions are uncommon but highlight the importance of close monitoring during and after the procedure involving ICG.

Headache is another side effect that has been reported by some patients. This can be mild to moderate and typically subsides within a few hours after the procedure. Over-the-counter pain relievers can often manage this symptom effectively.

Some patients may also experience dizziness or a sensation of lightheadedness following the injection of Indocyanine Green. This side effect is usually short-lived but can be unsettling. Patients are advised to sit or lie down if they feel dizzy to prevent falls or injuries.

In addition to these more common side effects, there have been reports of localized reactions at the injection site. These can include pain, redness, or swelling where the dye was administered. Such reactions are generally mild and temporary, but if they persist or worsen, patients should seek medical advice.

It's also worth noting that while rare, there have been instances of kidney toxicity linked to Indocyanine Green, particularly in patients with pre-existing kidney conditions. Therefore, patients with renal impairment should be closely monitored, and alternative diagnostic agents should be considered if necessary.

Moreover, changes in liver function tests have been observed in some cases following the use of ICG. These changes are typically transient and not clinically significant, but they should be taken into account, especially in patients with existing liver disease.

While Indocyanine Green is a valuable tool in medical diagnostics, being aware of its potential side effects is critical for ensuring patient safety. Patients should always provide a comprehensive medical history to their healthcare provider, including any known allergies and existing health conditions, to mitigate the risk of adverse reactions. Healthcare providers should ensure they are prepared to manage any side effects that may occur during the use of this dye.

In conclusion, while the use of Indocyanine Green is generally safe and effective for its intended purposes, it is not without potential side effects. From mild allergic reactions and nausea to more severe cardiovascular issues, understanding these risks can help in better preparation and management, ensuring the benefits of the procedure outweigh the risks.