What are the side effects of Lisinopril?

Lisinopril is a commonly prescribed medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart failure, and it is also used to improve survival after a heart attack. Like all medications, lisinopril can cause side effects, which can range from mild to severe. Being aware of these potential side effects is important for anyone taking or considering this medication.

Common Side Effects:
Many people taking lisinopril experience some common side effects, although these are generally mild and often improve as your body adjusts to the medication. The most frequently reported common side effects include:
1. Cough: A persistent, dry cough is one of the most common side effects associated with lisinopril. If the cough becomes bothersome, consult your healthcare provider.
2. Dizziness or Lightheadedness: This can occur as your body adjusts to the medication, particularly after the first dose or when the dosage is increased.
3. Headache: Some patients may experience headaches while taking lisinopril.
4. Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or weak can occur, especially when first starting the medication.
5. Nausea: Some people may feel nauseous or experience an upset stomach.

Serious Side Effects:
While serious side effects are less common, they can occur and may require immediate medical attention. These include:
1. Swelling (Angioedema): Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, throat, or extremities can be a serious allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention.
2. High Potassium Levels (Hyperkalemia): Lisinopril can cause an increase in blood potassium levels, which can be dangerous. Symptoms of hyperkalemia include muscle weakness, slow or irregular heartbeat, and fatigue.
3. Kidney Problems: Lisinopril can affect kidney function. Symptoms may include reduced urine output, swelling in your legs or ankles, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
4. Liver Problems: Although rare, lisinopril can cause liver damage. Symptoms may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), dark urine, severe stomach pain, and persistent nausea or vomiting.
5. Severe Allergic Reactions: Rarely, lisinopril can cause anaphylaxis, a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face and throat, and severe hives.

Other Potential Side Effects:
In addition to the common and serious side effects, some other less frequent side effects can occur. These include:
1. Changes in Taste: Some people may notice a metallic or salty taste in their mouth.
2. Rash: Skin rashes can occur, which may or may not be itchy.
3. Chest Pain: Although less common, some individuals may experience chest pain that is not related to a heart condition.
4. Mood Changes: Some patients report feeling anxious or depressed while taking lisinopril.
5. Gastrointestinal Issues: Diarrhea or constipation can occasionally occur.

Precautions and Considerations:
Before starting lisinopril, it is important to inform your healthcare provider about any other medical conditions you have and any other medications you are taking. This includes over-the-counter drugs, supplements, and herbal products, as they can interact with lisinopril and increase the risk of side effects.

Patients with certain conditions, such as a history of angioedema, kidney disease, or liver disease, may need additional monitoring or dosage adjustments. Additionally, pregnant women should avoid lisinopril, as it can harm the developing fetus.

Conclusion:
While lisinopril is effective in managing high blood pressure and heart conditions, it is not without its potential side effects. It is crucial to communicate with your healthcare provider about any side effects you experience, especially if they are severe or persistent. Regular monitoring and open communication with your healthcare provider can help manage these side effects and ensure that the benefits of taking lisinopril outweigh the risks.