What are the side effects of Pemigatinib?

Pemigatinib is a medication that has gained attention for its efficacy in treating certain cancers, particularly cholangiocarcinoma, a type of bile duct cancer. While it offers hope for many patients, it is essential to be aware of its potential side effects. Understanding these side effects can help patients and healthcare providers manage them more effectively.

One of the most common side effects experienced by patients taking pemigatinib is hyperphosphatemia, which is an elevated level of phosphate in the blood. This condition can lead to complications such as muscle weakness, joint pain, and the formation of calcium deposits in tissues. To mitigate this, healthcare providers may recommend dietary changes or phosphate binders to help control phosphate levels.

Another frequent side effect of pemigatinib is gastrointestinal discomfort. Patients often report symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms can vary in intensity, and in some cases, they may require the use of antiemetic or antidiarrheal medications to provide relief.

Fatigue is also a commonly reported side effect of pemigatinib. Cancer patients are already prone to fatigue due to the disease and its treatments, and pemigatinib can exacerbate this condition. It is important for patients to monitor their energy levels and work with their healthcare team to manage fatigue through rest, nutrition, and possibly medications.

Pemigatinib can also affect the eyes, leading to conditions such as dry eye, blurred vision, and other visual disturbances. Regular eye examinations are recommended for patients taking this medication, and any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to a healthcare provider promptly.

Skin-related side effects are not uncommon with pemigatinib. Patients may experience rashes, dry skin, and itching. In some cases, more severe skin reactions can occur, necessitating the use of topical treatments or systemic medications to manage these symptoms.

Electrolyte imbalances, aside from hyperphosphatemia, can also occur. Patients may experience low levels of sodium (hyponatremia) or potassium (hypokalemia), which can have serious health implications if not addressed. Regular blood tests are essential to monitor these levels and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.

Some patients may experience more severe side effects, such as hepatotoxicity, which is liver damage. This condition can manifest as jaundice, dark urine, and elevated liver enzymes. Regular monitoring of liver function is crucial, and any signs of liver damage should be evaluated immediately.

It is also important to note the potential for cardiovascular side effects. Although less common, some patients may experience hypertension (high blood pressure) or other heart-related issues. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and cardiovascular health is recommended throughout the treatment period.

In summary, while pemigatinib offers significant benefits for treating certain cancers, it is associated with a range of side effects that can impact patients' quality of life. Effective management of these side effects requires close collaboration between patients and their healthcare providers. Regular monitoring, proactive symptom management, and open communication are key to ensuring that patients can continue to benefit from pemigatinib while minimizing its adverse effects.