What are the side effects of Ripretinib?

Ripretinib is a medication used primarily for the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) in adult patients who have received prior treatment with three or more kinase inhibitors, including imatinib. While Ripretinib has shown efficacy in managing GIST, it is essential to be aware of its potential side effects, which can range from mild to severe.

One of the more common side effects of Ripretinib is alopecia, or hair loss. This can be distressing for many patients, but it is generally reversible once the treatment is discontinued. Additionally, patients may experience fatigue, which can affect daily activities and overall quality of life. It's important to monitor energy levels and adjust activities accordingly to manage this side effect.

Muscle pain (myalgia) and joint pain (arthralgia) are also reported by patients taking Ripretinib. These symptoms can be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers, but it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider for the best course of action. Another frequent side effect is decreased appetite, which can lead to weight loss and nutritional deficiencies. Patients should work with a dietitian to ensure they are receiving adequate nutrition during treatment.

Gastrointestinal issues are also prevalent, with many patients reporting nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation. These symptoms can often be managed with dietary changes, hydration, and medications prescribed by a healthcare provider. It is crucial to address these symptoms promptly to maintain overall health and well-being.

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is another notable side effect of Ripretinib. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and appropriate interventions, such as lifestyle modifications and antihypertensive medications, may be necessary to manage this condition. Patients should routinely check their blood pressure and report any significant changes to their healthcare provider.

Skin-related side effects, such as palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (hand-foot syndrome), have also been observed. This condition involves redness, swelling, and pain on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Patients may need to adopt skincare routines and use specific creams or medications to alleviate these symptoms.

In rare cases, Ripretinib can cause a condition known as cardiac dysfunction, which includes heart failure and decreased ejection fraction. It is vital for patients to undergo regular cardiac evaluations and report any symptoms such as shortness of breath, swelling in the legs, or sudden weight gain to their healthcare provider immediately.

Liver toxicity is another possible side effect, characterized by elevated liver enzymes. Regular blood tests are necessary to monitor liver function, and any significant changes should be addressed promptly. Symptoms of liver issues may include jaundice, dark urine, and abdominal pain.

Another rare but serious side effect is the development of new primary cutaneous malignancies, including basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Regular skin examinations are recommended to detect and treat any new skin lesions early.

Patients should also be aware of the potential for Ripretinib to cause hypersensitivity reactions, which can range from mild rashes to severe anaphylaxis. Any sign of an allergic reaction, such as swelling, difficulty breathing, or severe rash, requires immediate medical attention.

Lastly, it is crucial for patients to maintain open communication with their healthcare providers throughout their treatment with Ripretinib. Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported promptly to ensure appropriate management and care. While Ripretinib can be an effective treatment for advanced GIST, being vigilant about potential side effects and working closely with healthcare providers can help mitigate these risks and improve the overall treatment experience.