What are the side effects of Streptomycin Sulfate?

Streptomycin sulfate is an antibiotic commonly used to treat various bacterial infections, particularly tuberculosis. While it is effective in combating bacterial growth, it is also associated with a range of side effects that can impact different parts of the body. Understanding these potential side effects is crucial for anyone undergoing treatment with this medication.

One of the most significant concerns with streptomycin sulfate is its potential to cause ototoxicity, which can lead to hearing loss. This side effect arises because the drug can damage the auditory nerve. Patients may experience symptoms such as ringing in the ears (tinnitus), vertigo, or even permanent hearing loss. Regular auditory testing is often recommended for those on long-term streptomycin therapy to monitor for early signs of hearing impairment.

Another notable side effect is nephrotoxicity, which refers to kidney damage. Streptomycin can impair renal function, particularly in patients with pre-existing kidney conditions or those receiving high doses over extended periods. Symptoms of nephrotoxicity may include decreased urine output, swelling in the lower extremities, and elevated levels of creatinine in the blood. Monitoring kidney function through regular blood tests can help mitigate this risk.

Neurological side effects are also associated with the use of streptomycin sulfate. These may include numbness, tingling, or muscle twitching, which are signs of peripheral neuropathy. In severe cases, patients may experience seizures or other central nervous system disturbances. Immediate medical attention is advised if any neurological symptoms arise during treatment.

Gastrointestinal issues can occur as well, though they are generally less severe. Patients may experience nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. These symptoms are usually manageable and may be alleviated by taking the medication with food or adjusting the dosage under medical supervision.

Allergic reactions to streptomycin sulfate are relatively rare but can be serious. Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, and trouble breathing. Immediate medical attention is required if any signs of an allergic reaction occur, as they can lead to anaphylaxis, a life-threatening condition.

In addition to these major side effects, streptomycin sulfate may also cause general malaise, headache, and dizziness. It's essential for patients to communicate any side effects they experience to their healthcare provider, as adjustments in dosage or changes in medication may be necessary.

In summary, while streptomycin sulfate is effective in treating bacterial infections like tuberculosis, it is associated with a range of side effects, including ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurological issues, gastrointestinal discomfort, and potential allergic reactions. Regular monitoring and immediate reporting of any adverse symptoms can help manage these risks effectively. Always consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and treatment plans.