What are the side effects of Teriflunomide?

Teriflunomide is an oral medication commonly prescribed for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). While it can help manage the symptoms and progression of MS, it is important to be aware of the potential side effects associated with its use. Understanding these side effects can help patients and healthcare providers make informed decisions about its use and manage any adverse reactions effectively.

One of the most commonly reported side effects of Teriflunomide is hair thinning or hair loss. This can be distressing for patients, but it is usually reversible after discontinuing the medication. Another frequently observed side effect is gastrointestinal discomfort, which may include nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms are generally mild to moderate in severity and often subside as the body adjusts to the medication over time.

Liver toxicity is a more serious potential side effect of Teriflunomide. Patients on this medication are typically required to undergo regular liver function tests to monitor any changes. Signs of liver problems may include yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, and severe fatigue. Immediate medical attention is required if any of these symptoms are observed.

Teriflunomide can also cause an increase in blood pressure. Regular monitoring of blood pressure is recommended for patients starting on this medication. If significant hypertension occurs, adjustments to the medication or the addition of antihypertensive treatments may be necessary.

Infections are another concern, as Teriflunomide can weaken the immune system. Patients may experience an increased susceptibility to infections, such as respiratory tract infections or urinary tract infections. It is important to practice good hygiene and report any signs of infection to a healthcare provider promptly.

Neuropathy, or nerve damage, is a less common but serious side effect. Symptoms of neuropathy can include numbness, tingling, or burning sensations in the hands and feet. If these symptoms occur, a healthcare provider should be consulted to evaluate the need for discontinuing the medication.

Other potential side effects include allergic reactions, which can manifest as rashes, itching, or difficulty breathing. Additionally, some patients may experience headaches, dizziness, or abnormalities in blood cell counts, such as a decrease in white blood cells or platelets.

In rare cases, severe skin reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis can occur. These are medical emergencies characterized by widespread skin pain, red or purple skin rash that spreads, and blisters. Immediate medical attention is required if these symptoms develop.

Pregnant women or those planning to become pregnant should not take Teriflunomide, as it can cause serious harm to the developing fetus. Effective birth control measures should be used during treatment and for a period after discontinuation of the medication, as advised by a healthcare provider.

In summary, while Teriflunomide can be an effective treatment for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, it is associated with a range of potential side effects. These can range from mild and manageable symptoms like gastrointestinal discomfort and hair thinning to more serious risks like liver toxicity, hypertension, infections, neuropathy, and severe allergic reactions. Regular monitoring and prompt communication with healthcare providers are essential to managing these side effects and ensuring the safe use of this medication.