What is the mechanism of Aloxiprin?

Aloxiprin, also known as aluminium acetylsalicylate, is a pharmaceutical compound that combines aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and aluminium hydroxide. This combination aims to provide the therapeutic benefits of aspirin while reducing gastric irritation, a common side effect associated with aspirin consumption. To understand the mechanism of Aloxiprin, it is essential to delve into the biochemical interactions and pharmacokinetics of its constituent components.

The primary action of aspirin in the body is its ability to inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). There are two main types of COX enzymes: COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 is involved in the production of prostaglandins that protect the stomach lining and maintain kidney function, while COX-2 is primarily involved in the inflammatory response. By inhibiting these enzymes, aspirin reduces the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, which are mediators of inflammation, pain, and fever. This inhibition provides the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects of aspirin.

However, the inhibition of COX-1 also leads to decreased production of protective prostaglandins in the stomach lining, which can result in gastric irritation, ulcers, and bleeding. This is where the aluminium component of Aloxiprin comes into play. Aluminium hydroxide acts as an antacid, neutralizing stomach acid and providing a protective effect on the gastric mucosa. By mitigating the erosive effects of stomach acid, aluminium hydroxide helps to reduce the gastrointestinal side effects typically associated with aspirin.

When Aloxiprin is ingested, it undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract, releasing aspirin and aluminium ions. The released aspirin then gets absorbed into the bloodstream, where it exerts its therapeutic effects by inhibiting COX enzymes. The aluminium ions, on the other hand, remain in the gastrointestinal tract, where they continue to neutralize excess stomach acid and provide a soothing effect on the stomach lining.

Additionally, aluminium ions have astringent properties that can help to reduce local inflammation and irritation in the gastrointestinal tract. This dual mechanism makes Aloxiprin a valuable therapeutic option, especially for patients who require the benefits of aspirin but are prone to gastrointestinal complications.

It is also noteworthy that aluminium compounds, including aluminium hydroxide, have a relatively low bioavailability, meaning that only a small fraction of aluminium gets absorbed into the systemic circulation. This minimizes the risk of systemic aluminium toxicity, making Aloxiprin a safer option for long-term use compared to regular aspirin.

In summary, the mechanism of Aloxiprin involves the synergistic action of aspirin and aluminium hydroxide. Aspirin inhibits COX enzymes to provide anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects, while aluminium hydroxide neutralizes stomach acid and protects the gastric mucosa. This combination addresses both the therapeutic needs and the potential side effects of aspirin, offering a balanced approach to pain and inflammation management.