Adjuvants are substances used in vaccines to enhance the body's immune response to an antigen.

Adjuvants are substances that are added to vaccines to enhance the body's immune response to an antigen (a substance that can trigger an immune response).

A dose escalation trial, also known as a dose-ranging study, is a type of clinical trial design used primarily in Phase I of drug development.

Seamless Phase I/II clinical trials are a type of clinical trial design that combines elements of both Phase I and Phase II trials into a single study.

Age-standardized rate refers to a statistical measure that allows for the comparison of health-related rates, such as disease incidence or mortality rates, between populations with different age structures.

The U.S. FDA encompasses multiple centers including key ones like the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER).

Special review for drugs is designed to accelerate the marketing of new drugs, especially those with significant clinical advantages or used to treat serious diseases.

Immune checkpoints are a class of regulatory molecules in the immune system that are expressed on immune cells such as T cells and can modulate the intensity and duration of immune responses.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is an eye complication related to diabetes, primarily affecting the macula region of the eye.

A clinical trial default approval is a system where applicants can proceed with drug trials as planned if the review agency does not reject or question the submission within a set period.

A rare disease, also known as an "orphan disease," refers to diseases with relatively low prevalence rates.

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that lacks estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) on its cells.