Last update 01 Nov 2024

Poliomyelitis, Bulbar

Last update 01 Nov 2024

Basic Info

Synonyms

Acute anterior bulbar polioencephalomyelitis, Acute anterior poliomyelitis, Acute bulbar polioencephalitis

+ [38]

Introduction

A form of paralytic poliomyelitis affecting neurons of the MEDULLA OBLONGATA of the brain stem. Clinical features include impaired respiration, HYPERTENSION, alterations of vasomotor control, and dysphagia. Weakness and atrophy of the limbs and trunk due to spinal cord involvement is usually associated. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p765)

Drugs associated with Poliomyelitis, Bulbar

Poliomyelitis Vaccine in Dragee Candy (Human Diploid Cell), Live(Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences)

Target-

Mechanism

Immunostimulants

Active Org.

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

Originator Org.

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

Active Indication

Poliomyelitis, Bulbar

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

First Approval Date28 Sep 2016

Hib-DTP-acellular poliovirus vaccine(Sanofi)

Target-

Mechanism

Immunostimulants

Active Org.

Sanofi Pasteur [+1]

Originator Org.

Sanofi

Active Indication

Haemophilus Infections [+5]

Inactive Indication

Meningitis, Bacterial

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

First Approval Date20 Jun 2008

Diphtheria and Polio vaccine(GlaxoSmithKline Plc)

Target-

Mechanism

Immunostimulants

Active Org.

GSK Plc

Originator Org.

GSK Plc

Active Indication

Diphtheria [+1]

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

First Approval Date09 Oct 2006

Clinical Trials associated with Poliomyelitis, Bulbar

IRCT201010204976N1 / CompletedEarly Phase 1IIT

Effect of a new synbiotic mixture on atopic dermatitis in children

Start Date02 Feb 2007

Sponsor / Collaborator-

100 Clinical Results associated with Poliomyelitis, Bulbar

100 Translational Medicine associated with Poliomyelitis, Bulbar

0 Patents (Medical) associated with Poliomyelitis, Bulbar

850

Literatures (Medical) associated with Poliomyelitis, Bulbar

01 Nov 2024·The French Journal of Urology

Management of long-term functional sequelae of pelvic fracture urethral injury

Review

Author: Morel-Journel, Nicolas ; Wessells, Hunter ; Hagedorn, Judith C ; Skokan, Alexander J ; Neuville, Paul

Pelvic fracture (PF) is a rare emergency, which led to pelvic fracture urethral injury (PFUI) in 1.6% to 25% of cases. Urethral injury assessment requires a thorough analysis of the initial injury history and imaging that combine cystourethrography acutely, repeat urethral imaging as well as adjunctive use of MRI in the follow-up period. A more complex surgical approach to the delayed reconstruction of PFUI may be predicted by the urethral gap length (cysto-urethrography) or a lower pubo-urethral angle (MRI). Delayed urethroplasty is the treatment of choice, performed once the patient has recovered from other acute injuries, typically at least 3months post-injury. It consists in men in a bulbo-prostatic anastomotic urethroplasty which may require several steps of increasing complexity to allow a tension-free anastomosis: corpora splitting, partial inferior pubectomy, and rarely total pubectomy or urethra rerouting. More complex cases of PFUI repair may be encountered (long gap between the two urethral segments, bulbar necrosis, false passage after failed endoscopic realignment, orthopedic hardware in pubic symphyseal region, pediatric PFUI, failed previous urethroplasty, associated anterior urethral stricture, or recto-urethral fistula) and should be managed in expert centers. Urethral patency is achieved by surgical reconstruction with an overall success rate of 86%. Evaluation of potential associated sequelae including erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence must be anticipated and taken into consideration in the path of rehabilitation.

02 Jul 2024·Expert Opinion on Drug Safety

Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in oral polio vaccine recipients: disproportionality analysis using VAERS and systematic review

Review

Author: Khan, Saad ; Suares, Joylin Emelia ; Rashid, Muhammad ; Thunga, Girish ; Aadrika, Aadrika ; Poojari, Pooja Gopal

BACKGROUNDVaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) is a rare adverse event of oral poliovirus vaccines (OPV), particularly affecting immunodeficient individuals.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThis study aimed to (1) Assess the association between OPV and VAPP using Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database (2) Outline patient characteristics and risk factors associated with the occurrence of VAPP in OPV recipients through a systematic review of case reports and case series. A disproportionality analysis was conducted using the data from VAERS, encompassing adverse events reported from 1990 till February 2023. Additionally, we conducted a systematic review of case reports and case series using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases.RESULTSThe VAERS data revealed 130 VAPP reports among 1,739,903 OPV linked adverse events, with year 2010 reporting the strongest association. The systematic review of 37 studies highlighted VAPP occurrence within 2 months to 4 years post-vaccination, typically with acute flaccid paralysis. Immunodeficiency and perianal abscess emerged as major risk factors. Out of the 37 included studies, 27 showed consistent causal association of VAPP with OPV using WHO-AEFI causality assessment tool.CONCLUSIONThe study emphasized the seriousness of VAPP and highlights its association with OPV, identifying immunodeficiency as a prominent contributor to VAPP manifestation.

03 Oct 2023·International Journal of NeuroscienceQ4 · MEDICINE

A case report of longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis: immunotherapy related adverse effect vs. COVID-19 related immunization complications

Q4 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Esechie, Aimalohi ; Rai, Prashant ; Fang, Xiang ; Thottempudi, Neeharika ; Banerjee, Pankhuri

Background: Transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare, acquired neuro-immunological spinal cord disorder that occurs with rapid onset of motor weakness, sensory deficits with bowel and bladder dysfunction. Patients being treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for advanced malignancy have a known higher propensity of developing neuro immune complications. With the advent of COVID-19 pandemic there have been reported cases of TM with COVID-19 immunization. The reported infrequency of TM with both of the aforementioned causes makes delineation of the etiology challenging.Methods: We present a patient with metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC) on maintenance Atezolizumab immunotherapy who developed longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) after administration of second dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine one day prior to presenting symptoms of acute paralysis of the lower extremity, sensory loss from chest down with overflow incontinence. A clinical diagnosis of myelopathy was supported by MRI of the spine illustrating enhancing lesions from C7-T7 concerning for LETM.Results: A 5-day course of pulsed methylprednisolone followed by therapeutic plasma exchange for 3 days resulted in only minimal improvement in the neurologic exam with increased strength in his lower extremities while the sensory level remained unchanged.Conclusions: This case demonstrates the complication and symptomatology of TM in the setting of anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody with coincidental COVID-19 mRNA vaccine administration. The causal relationship between the vaccine and LETM is difficult to establish. However, the presence of a known inciting factor hints at a possible exaggeration of the existing neuro-inflammatory process.

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