Last update 01 Nov 2024

Schistosomiasis Haematobia

Last update 01 Nov 2024

Basic Info

Synonyms

Bilharzia infection, Bilharzial cystitis, Bilharz住血吸虫症

+ [67]

Introduction

A human disease caused by the infection of parasitic worms SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM. It is endemic in AFRICA and parts of the MIDDLE EAST. Tissue damages most often occur in the URINARY TRACT, specifically the URINARY BLADDER.

Drugs associated with Schistosomiasis Haematobia

Praziquantel

Target

CYP11B1

Mechanism

CYP11B1 inhibitors

Active Org.

Hunan Er-Kang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. [+2]

Originator Org.

Bayer AG

Active Indication

Clonorchiasis [+3]

Inactive Indication

Female genital tract infection [+3]

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

First Approval Date29 Dec 1982

Sh28GST

Target-

Mechanism

Immunostimulants

Active Org.

Originator Org.

Active Indication

Inactive Indication

Drug Highest PhasePhase 3

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

Sm-14

Target-

Mechanism

Immunostimulants

Active Org.

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz [+1]

Originator Org.

Orygen Biotecnologia Ltda.

Active Indication

Schistosomiasis Haematobia [+3]

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhasePhase 2

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

Clinical Trials associated with Schistosomiasis Haematobia

NCT05941884 / Not yet recruitingNot ApplicableIIT

Possible Diagnostic Protein Markers in Schistosoma Related Bladder Diseases.

Schistosomiasis is the second most common parasitic infection affecting humans, endemic in the Middle East, especially Egypt (1), and in 42 African countries (2).
There are 5 main species infecting humans: S. mansoni, S. haematobium, S. japonicum, S. intercalatum, and S. mekongi. S. haematobium is responsible for chronic urogenital infections that may cause serious complications (3). Urinary schistosomiasis is mostly borne in rural and agricultural communities, according to WHO (4)

Start Date01 Oct 2023

Sponsor / Collaborator

Assiut University

PACTR202402599048090 / RecruitingPhase 2IIT

Efficacy and safety of pyronaridine/artesunate and pyronaridine/artesunate/praziquantel for treatment of uncomplicated Schistosoma haematobium infection in Gabonese adolescents and children

Start Date01 Sep 2023

Sponsor / Collaborator-

NCT05658614 / RecruitingPhase 2IIT

Evaluation of Immunogenicity and Safety of a New Vaccine Schedule Using the Vaccine Candidate Sm14 Against Schistosomiasis in Adults With a History of S. Mansoni and / or S. Haematobium Infection.

Previous clinical trials have already demonstrated the safety of the candidate vaccine in adults as well as in children, in good health or infected with schistosomiasis. Regarding the induced immune response, more than 80% of vaccinated subjects were seroconverted after three vaccine injections. The induced immune response was substantial but transient. In order to obtain a more lasting immune response, the investigator will experiment with a new vaccination schedule (2 injections 1-month interval and the 3rd injection 5 months after the first dose), versus the vaccine schedule initially used (3 injections at 1-month interval).
This trial will be the last phase 2 before testing the efficacy of the rSm14 vaccine candidate.

Start Date01 Jul 2022

Sponsor / Collaborator

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz

100 Clinical Results associated with Schistosomiasis Haematobia

100 Translational Medicine associated with Schistosomiasis Haematobia

0 Patents (Medical) associated with Schistosomiasis Haematobia

2,715

Literatures (Medical) associated with Schistosomiasis Haematobia

01 Dec 2024·One Health

Revealing bovine schistosomiasis in Malawi: Connecting human and hybrid schistosomes within cattle

Article

Author: Chammudzi, Priscilla ; LaCourse, E. James ; Archer, John ; Jones, Sam ; Stothard, J. Russell ; Cunningham, Lucas J. ; Juhász, Alexandra ; Lally, David ; Makaula, Peter ; Namacha, Gladys ; Kapira, Donales ; Seto, Edmund ; Kayuni, Sekeleghe A. ; Musaya, Janelisa

In Malawi, the putative origin of a newly described Schistosoma haematobium-mattheei hybrid human schistosome was assessed upon a seminal molecular parasitological survey of cattle. Using miracidia hatch test (MHT) and carcass inspection at slaughter, mean prevalence of bovine schistosomiasis was 49.1% (95% CI: 43.7-54.6%) and 10.3% (95% CI: 6.0-16.2%) respectively, though significant spatial heterogeneity was noted. Approximately 2.0% of infected cattle, and only those from Mangochi District, shed S. haematobium-mattheei and/or S. haematobium in faeces. To quantify schistosome (re)infection dynamics, where a S. haematobium-mattheei hybrid was present, we undertook a novel pilot GPS-datalogging sub-study within a specific herd of cattle (n = 8) on the Lake Malawi shoreline, alongside a praziquantel (40 mg/kg) treatment efficacy spot check. At sub-study baseline, all GPS-tagged cattle had proven daily water contact with the lake. Each animal was patently infected upon MHT, with older animals shedding less miracidia. At one month review, whilst parasitological cure was 100.0%, from six weeks onwards, (re)infection was first noted in the youngest animal. By three-month review, all animals were patently (re)infected though only miracidia of S. mattheei were recovered, albeit in much lower numbers. To conclude, infection with S. mattheei is particularly common in cattle and demonstrates a previously cryptic burden of bovine schistosomiasis. Within Mangochi District, bovine transmission of both S. haematobium-mattheei hybrids and S. haematobium are now incriminated, with unequivocal evidence of contemporary zoonotic spill-over. Future control of urogenital schistosomiasis here in the southern region needs to develop, then successfully integrate, a One Health approach with appropriate mitigating strategies to reduce and/or contain bovine schistosomiasis transmission.

01 Nov 2024·Parasite Epidemiology and Control

Urogenital schistosomiasis among school children in northwestern Tanzania: Prevalence, intensity of infection, associated factors, and pattern of urinary tract morbidities

Article

Author: Mazigo, Humphrey D. ; Justine, Nyanda C. ; Leeyio, Titus R. ; Justine, Nyanda C ; Fuss, Antje ; Brehm, Klaus ; Leeyio, Titus R ; Mueller, Andreas ; Mazigo, Humphrey D

BackgroundThe planning and implementation of intervention measures against schistosomiasis, particularly mass administration, require knowledge of the current status of the infection. This is important for monitoring the impact of the intervention on disease indicators such as a decline in infection prevalence, intensity of infection, and urogenital morbidities. Following repeated rounds of mass treatment in northwestern Tanzania, the epidemiology of urogenital schistosomiasis has changed; thus, for the effective planning and allocation of resources, it is important to understand the current status of the disease in the targeted groups. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence, intensity, and associated factors of Schistosoma haematobium infection and urinary tract morbidities in school-aged children from northwestern Tanzania.Materials and methodsAn analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among schoolchildren aged 5-17 years between November and December 2022. A single urine sample was collected from each child and examined for the presence of S. haematobium eggs and microhaematuria using a urine filtration technique and a urine reagent dipstick. Each child underwent an ultrasonographic examination of the urinary tract according to the World Health Organization standards (Niamey protocol) to detect S. haematobium-related morbidities.ResultsOf the 3225 participants, 54.2 % were female, and the mean age was 10.9 (±1.89) years. The overall prevalence of S. haematobium was 17.7 % (95 % CI: 16.4-19.1, 572/3225). Of the 572 infected children, 81.8 % (95 % CI: 78.4-84.9, 468/572) had light-intensity infections, and 18.2 % (95 % CI: 14.9-21.4, 104/572) had heavy-intensity infections. The prevalence of macro- and microhaematuria was 2.4 % (95 % CI: 1.9-3) and 18.5 % (95 % CI: 17.2-19.8), respectively. Age (aOR: 1.2, 95 % CI: 1.0-1.5), district of residence (aOR: 2.1, 95 % CI: 1.7-2.7) and history of schistosomiasis (aOR: 2.5, 95 % CI: 1.9-3.2) were significantly associated with urinary schistosomiasis infection. However, swallowing praziquantel during the last mass drug administration was protective (aOR 0.6, 95 % CI: 0.4-0.8). The overall prevalence of ultrasound-detectable urinary tract abnormalities was 9.9 % (95 % CI: 8.9-11.1, 299/2994) and included urinary bladder abnormalities in 9.9 % (95 % CI: 8.8-11, 297/2994), ureter abnormalities in 0.2 % (95 % CI: 0.07-0.4, 6/2994), and kidney abnormalities in 0.2 % (95 % CI: 0.09-0.4, 7/2994). Calcification of the urinary bladder was observed in 0.9 % (95 % CI: 0.6-1.3, 29/2994) of the examined children.ConclusionsSchistosoma haematobium infection is still prevalent among schoolchildren in the study setting, and it causes substantial morbidity at an early age. Transmission is driven by the age of the child, district of residence, and history of schistosomiasis. However, swallowing praziquantel in rounds of mass drug administration reduces transmission. Urogenital schistosomiasis infection is associated with haematuria and ultrasound-detectable morbidities. In S. haematobium endemic areas, routine ultrasound screening for urinary tract morbidities could be considered in annual mass treatment programmes for early management. Special attention should be given to children with proteinuria, microhaematuria, and heavy infection intensities.

01 Nov 2024·Molecular Immunology

Exploring the genome-wide transcriptomic responses of Bulinus truncatus to Schistosoma haematobium infection: An important host-parasite system involved in the transmission of human urogenital schistosomiasis

Article

Author: Posavi, Marijan ; Habib, Mohamed R. ; Habib, Mohamed R ; Lekired, Abdelmalek ; Zhang, Si-Ming

Freshwater snails of the genus Bulinus are critical hosts for Schistosoma haematobium, the causative agent of urogenital schistosomiasis. Among the 37 recognized Bulinus species, B. truncatus is a key vector. Using RNA sequencing (RNAseq), we investigated the genome-wide transcriptional responses of B. truncatus to S. haematobium infection. Our findings suggest that snails employ a complex defense strategy against the parasites by up-regulating genes involved in immune response, stress reaction, structural integrity, metabolism, and detoxification. In response, schistosome parasites appear to manipulate the snail's defense system, as evidenced by the suppression of immune-related genes such as ficolin, peptidoglycan recognition protein, and C-type lectin domain-containing protein genes. The down-regulation of biomphalysin 9, compared to its function in Biomphalaria glabrata, indicates divergent immune strategies among snail hosts. Additionally, we compared transcriptome profiles between embryos and juveniles, providing insights into developmental processes. This study offers valuable genomic data for Bulinus snails, illuminating the molecular interactions between bulinids and schistosomes, and advancing our understanding of their developmental biology.

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