Last update 01 Nov 2024

Clonorchiasis

Last update 01 Nov 2024

Basic Info

Synonyms

CLONORCHIASIS, Chinese liver fluke disease, Clonorchiases

+ [41]

Introduction

Infection of the biliary passages with CLONORCHIS SINENSIS, also called Opisthorchis sinensis. It may lead to inflammation of the biliary tract, proliferation of biliary epithelium, progressive portal fibrosis, and sometimes bile duct carcinoma. Extension to the liver may lead to fatty changes and cirrhosis. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Drugs associated with Clonorchiasis

Praziquantel

Target

CYP11B1

Mechanism

CYP11B1 inhibitors

Active Org.

Hunan Er-Kang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. [+2]

Originator Org.

Bayer AG

Active Indication

Clonorchiasis [+3]

Inactive Indication

Female genital tract infection [+3]

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

First Approval Date29 Dec 1982

OZ78

Target-

Mechanism-

Active Org.

Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute

Originator Org.

Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute

Active Indication

Clonorchiasis

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhasePreclinical

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

Clinical Trials associated with Clonorchiasis

ACTRN12622000353796 / Active, not recruitingPhase 4IIT

A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial to investigate the effect of a multi-component intervention program (human and animal chemotherapy, school and community health and hygiene promotion and active surveillance) on the burden of soil-transmitted helminths and Opisthorchis viverrini in the Lower Mekong Basin

Start Date22 May 2023

Sponsor / Collaborator-

ISRCTN55086560 / CompletedNot Applicable

Efficacy and safety of praziquantel, tribendimidine and mebendazole in patients infected with Clonorchis sinensis: a single-centre, open-label, randomised controlled study

Start Date25 Jun 2012

Sponsor / Collaborator

National Institute of Parasitic Diseases

ISRCTN80829842 / CompletedNot ApplicableIIT

Tribendimidine in the treatment of Clonorchis sinensis infection in the People?s Republic of China

Start Date10 Mar 2012

Sponsor / Collaborator-

100 Clinical Results associated with Clonorchiasis

100 Translational Medicine associated with Clonorchiasis

0 Patents (Medical) associated with Clonorchiasis

1,002

Literatures (Medical) associated with Clonorchiasis

01 Dec 2024·Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology

MicroRNAs in opisthorchiids and their definitive hosts: Current Status and Perspectives

Review

Author: Ding, Jian ; Han, Su ; Jiang, Xu ; Zhang, Yu ; Sun, Yifan ; Cao, Jianping ; Cheng, Yang ; Li, Xiang ; Wan, Jie ; Zhang, Xiaoli ; Zhang, Xueli ; Chen, Rui

Opisthorchis felineus, Opisthorchis viverrini, and Clonorchis sinensis (family Opisthorchiidae) are parasitic flatworms that pose serious threats to humans in certain countries and cause opisthorchiasis/clonorchiasis. Opisthorchiid flukes parasitize the biliary tract of the host, causing cholangitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis and cholangiocarcinoma. In this review, we primarily focus on recent microRNAs (miRNAs) studies of opisthorchiid flukes and their definitive hosts. Many miRNAs are conserved and expressed in a developmentally stage specific manner in the three opisthorchiid flukes, which play important roles in the growth and development of Opisthorchiidae spp., as well as host-pathogen interactions. Some miRNAs might be potential biomarkers related to carcinogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma. Therefore, this review provides the basis for further investigating the roles of miRNAs in opisthorchiid flukes and their definitive hosts, as well as promoting the development of novel approaches to prevent and treat opisthorchiasis/clonorchiasis.

01 Dec 2024·Acta Tropica

Up-regulation of MDSCs accumulation and Th2 biased response to co-stimulation of CsESP from Clonorchis sinensis and HBeAg in vitro

Article

Author: Huang, Yan ; Sun, Hengchang ; Wang, Nian ; Yu, Xinbing ; Dong, Huimin ; Liu, Qiannan ; Li, Xuerong

Co-infection with Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) are commonly observed in endemic areas of Clonorchiasis. Chronic infection of C. sinensis or HBV is more likely to happen. However, the immune mechanisms related to the pathogenesis of co-infection remain unknown. In the present study, Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) accumulation, bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) reaction and the consequent effectors on Th1/Th2 polarization to co-incubation of excretory-secretory products from C. sinensis (CsESP) and Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in vitro were investigated for further understanding the immune response during co-infection. The results indicated that compared with CsESP or HBeAg alone, co-stimulation dominantly promoted MDSCs accumulation. Co-stimulation significantly downregulated the expression of CD80 and CD86, and reduced IL-12p70 release while augmented IL-10 levels of BMDCs. Higher transcription levels of mannose receptor (MR) while lower mRNA level of toll like receptor 4 (TLR-4) were detected among membrane receptors of BMDCs with co-treatment. In addition, after CD4 naïve T cells were stimulated by LPS-treated BMDCs with CsESP and HBeAg, the proportion of CD4⁺IL-4⁺ T cells and IL-4 increased, while CD4⁺INF-γ⁺ T cells percentage and INF-γ down-regulated. In conclusion, CsESP and HBeAg co-incubation more distinctly suppressed maturation of BMDCs resulting in increase of IL-10 and decrease of IL-12 highly possible by up-regulation of MR and down-regulation of TLR-4 of BMDCs, and successively induce Th2 immune skewing. These findings laid the cornerstone to further clarify immune responses during the co-infection contributing to the better precise treatment and progression assessment of co-infection patients.

01 Nov 2024·Annals of Surgical Oncology

Laparoscopic Right Hemi-hepatectomy of the Bile Duct-Obstructed Area Guided by Real-Time Fluorescence Imaging

Article

Author: Zhu, Wen ; Yang, Jian ; Tao, Haisu ; Zeng, Xiaojun ; Li, Xinci

BACKGROUNDThe regions of the liver with cholestasis caused by biliary tumors or thrombosis can be distinctly identified using indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging.¹ The authors' team reported the application of bile-duct obstructed area imaging (BOAI) to assist open hepatectomy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) combined with intrahepatic bile duct obstruction previously.² This video is the first report of real-time BOAI-guided three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopic hepatectomy using a 3D-4K fluorescence imaging system.METHODSA 65-year-old man was admitted to the authors' institution with clonorchiasis. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed an obstruction and diffuse dilation of the right hepatic duct. A 15-min retention of ICG (ICG R15) was performed 5 days before the operation, with a 3.3% result. Preoperative planning involved performing laparoscopic right hemi-hepatectomy with regional lymph node dissection assisted by visualization technology.³ During the procedure, significant fluorescence accumulation in the right liver was shown by fluorescence imaging. With the guidance of real-time BOAI (Fig. 1), the regions of biliary obstruction were precisely resected, and the middle hepatic vein (MHV) was passively and adequately exposed on the cutting plane. Fig. 1 Administration steps for real-time bile duct-obstructed area imaging. A ICG is injected intravenously 3-5 days before operation at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. B ICG is accumulated in the whole liver within a few minutes after injection. C ICG is selectively absorbed by the liver and excreted into the intestines, whereby it is retained in areas of biliary obstruction RESULTS: The histopathologic diagnosis indicated high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia of the right bile duct tumor without lymph node metastases and clonorchiasis. The duration of the operation was 300 min, with an intraoperative blood loss of 50 ml. No postoperative complications occurred, and the patient was discharged after 7 days.CONCLUSIONLaparoscopic right hemi-hepatectomy for the bile-duct obstructed area with the guidance of real-time BOAI is feasible and effective.

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