Alveolar Bone Loss

This study is designed to evaluate and compare clinically and radiographically the effectiveness of Demineralized Dentin Allograft (DDA) versus Demineralized Dentin Autograft (Auto-DD) for preservation of alveolar ridge dimensions after surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar.

The aim of the current study is to compare the effect socket sealing with flowable resin composite compared to dense polytetrafluoroethylene membrane after filling the extraction site with xenograft particles in terms of soft and hard tissue changes, procedural time, post operative pain, patients' satisfaction, and cost effectiveness.

Periodontal regeneration is a complex process that involves coordinated activities and interactions of many cell types, extracellular matrix, cytokines, and specific growth factors to restore tissue integrity. The most important challenge facing periodontal regeneration is cellular insufficiency. Periodontal defects usually have a limited regenerative capacity due to their bounded surface area which is supposed to provide the wound area with a limited number of viable cells and a limited amount of biologic mediators. Cell recruitment and adhesion into the defect area are essential for cells to survive and secrete collagen.
Apoptosis is initiated when failure in adhesion in many different cell types occurs. Some periodontal treatment options failed in the reconstruction of the defect due to failure in wound stabilization and subsequent cell adhesion. Many treatment options have been developed to enhance defect stability and cellular recruitment including the use of GTM and different biologics. However, the treatment outcomes vary considerably depending on the level of the defect cellularity and the degree of cell recruitment into the defect area. For maximum outcomes, enhanced stability, vascularity, and biologics-sustained delivery were suggested. The minimally invasive surgical technique (MIST) suggested by Cortellini et al. offers a suitable level of tissue preservation that could help in defect stability and cellular adhesion. It was suggested to promote flap stability, maintain space, and maintain a greater amount of blood supply at the alveolar crest and papillary levels.