Delving into the Latest Updates on Diethylcarbamazine Citrate with Synapse

BACKGROUNDTransmission Assessment Survey (TAS) is the WHO recommended method used for decision-making to stop or continue the MDA in lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination programme. The WHO has also recommended Molecular Xenomonitoring (MX) of LF infection in vectors as an adjunct tool in settings under post-MDA or validation period. Screening of non-vectors by MX in post-MDA / validation settings could be useful to prevent a resurgence of LF infection, as there might be low abundance of vectors, especially in some seasons. In this study, we investigated the presence of LF infection in non-vectors in an area endemic for LF and has undergone many rounds of annual MDA with two drugs (Diethylcarbamazine and Albendazole, DA) and two rounds of triple drug regimens (Ivermectin + DA).METHODS AND RESULTSMosquitoes were collected from selected villages of Yadgir district in Karnataka state, India, during 2019. A total of 680 female mosquitoes were collected, identified morphologically by species and separated as pools. The female mosquitoes belonging to 3 species viz., Anopheles subpictus, Culex gelidus and Culex quinquefaciatus were separated, pooled, and the DNA extracted using less expensive method and followed by LDR based real-time PCR assay for detecting Wuchereria bancrofti infection in vector as well as non-vector mosquitoes. One pool out of 6 pools of An. subpictus, 2 pools out of 6 pools of Cx. gelidus, and 4 pools out of 8 pools of Cx. quinquefaciatus were found to be positive for W. bancrofti infection by RT-PCR. The infection rate in vectors and non-vectors was found to be 1.8% (95% CI: 0.5-4.2%) and 0.9% (95% CI: 0.2-2.3%), respectively.CONCLUSIONSOur study showed that non-vectors also harbour W. bancrofti, thus opening an opportunity of using these mosquitoes as surrogate vectors for assessing risk of transmission to humans in LF endemic and post MDA areas.

01 Nov 2024·Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry

An Overview on Antifilarial Efficacy of Heterocyclic Motifs Encompassing Synthetic Strategies, SAR, and Commercialized Medications

Article

Author: Tahlan, Sumit ; Pandey, Kailash C ; Singh, Sucheta

Abstract:Filariasis is one of the oldest, most dangerous, debilitating, disfiguring diseases and often ignores tropical disorders. It presents with a range of clinical symptoms, a low death rate, and a high morbidity rate, which contributes to social discrimination. This condition has major effects on people's socioeconomic circumstances. This illness is carried by mosquitoes that have spread malaria. Lymphatic filariasis, caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori, is a crippling illness with serious social and economic consequences. The infection persisted despite therapy with conventional antifilarial medications such as diethylcarbamazine (DEC), albendazole, and ivermectin, which are mostly microfilaricides. Current treatments (ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, and albendazole) have limited effectiveness against adult parasites and produce side effects; therefore, innovative antifilarial medications are urgently required. Hence, macrofilaricides, embryostatic agents, and improved microfilaricides are required. The following article discusses the typical synthetic methodologies established for antifilarial activity as well as their marketed pharmaceuticals, which will help researchers, medicinal chemists, and pharmaceutical scientists to develop new and effective antifilarial therapies. This review can help to identify new lead compounds and optimize existing commercial medications to improve their therapeutic efficacy. The majority of the studies addressed in this review concern the forms of filariasis, parasite life cycle, symptoms, medications used to treat filariasis, synthetic schemes, SAR, and results from the reported research.

04 Sep 2024·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Imported Loiasis at a Clinical Reference Center in Germany: A Retrospective Case Series

Article

Author: Ramharter, Michael ; Ruge, Julia ; Tappe, Dennis ; Nordmann, Tamara

ABSTRACT.Loiasis is a rarely imported infectious disease that is often difficult to diagnose and treat. Here we describe clinical features and treatment outcomes of 11 patients with imported loiasis seen at a German reference center between 2013 and 2023. Clinical presentations varied by patient origin, with eye-worm migration and ophthalmological symptoms being more common among patients from endemic areas and Calabar swelling, subcutaneous swelling, and pruritus more prevalent among returning travelers from nonendemic regions. Eosinophil counts were higher in returning travelers. Diethylcarbamazine was most commonly used for treatment either as monotherapy in combination with ivermectin or with albendazole and ivermectin, respectively. In one patient, long-term follow-up indicated treatment failure after the first course of treatment. Another traveler was prescribed chemoprophylaxis with diethylcarbamazine after experiencing repeated infections due to long-term residence in a high-risk region in Cameroon.

100 Deals associated with Diethylcarbamazine Citrate

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00803	Diethylcarbamazine Citrate	P02CB02	DB00711

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Filariasis	JP	Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp.	01 Feb 1951

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT04410406 (Pubmed \| PLoS Negl Trop Dis)	Phase 3	Elephantiasis, Filarial Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia	-	ivermectin + albendazole	(jityslbueu) = Four participants had transient Grade 3 hematuria after treatment (3 after IDA and 1 after IA) rpdrxcssld (xowtgkuali ) View more	Positive	18 Sep 2023
				moxidectin + albendazole
NCT04188301 (DOLF IDA/Oncho, CTgov)	Phase 2	Onchocerciasis	154	Albendazole+Ivermectin (IVM + ALB)	guzhyytoxa(aotwshfrei) = nxzrcugldk gedmbliimi (nbgjaecxea, llvomakvxz - xlfitkuzpn) View more	-	10 May 2023
				albendazole+ivermectin+diethylcarbamazine (IDA x 1 Dose)	guzhyytoxa(aotwshfrei) = bktaxgisvd gedmbliimi (nbgjaecxea, xcrlaoagtr - kcvnjnreaf) View more
ATS2022	Not Applicable	Eosinophilia	-	Diethylcarbamazine	jkyonnxqhy(tagfcezcbg) = The patient continued to experience wheezes despite two rounds of DEC. A trial of ivermectin was initiated in addition to prednisone, inhaled corticosteroid and albuterol rescue inhaler. Although his symptoms were controlled, he was unable to wean off prednisone without recrudescence. Trials of theophylline and 5 months mepolizumab were unsuccessful. After the initiation of dupilumab, exertional dyspnea and wheezes resolved, exercise tolerance was regained and prednisone was completely tapered off. kcqbvypxts (sevpyqfeaf )	-	15 May 2022
NCT02899936 (Pubmed \| PLoS Negl Trop Dis)	Not Applicable	Elephantiasis, Filarial	23,789	Albendazole + Diethylcarbamazine + Ivermectin	(zwdiaiaest) = The overall frequency of AEs were similar after either DA (18%) or IDA (20%) treatment bnpimybzdp (zlciuflvnv ) View more	Positive	09 Feb 2022
				Diethylcarbamazine + Albendazole
NCT02899936 (Pubmed \| PLoS Negl Trop Dis)	Not Applicable	Filariasis	23,789	Ivermectin plus diethylcarbamazineIvermectin plus diethylcarbamazine and albendazole	vutozuthgh(hmplfahkju) = About 45% of persons in both treatment groups experienced AE such as fever, muscle aches, lower back, joint and abdominal pain. These were mostly mild and most common during the first two days after treatment. No participant experienced a severe or serious AE. anpaijezow (wuzhwohedw )	-	29 Mar 2021
				Diethylcarbamazine plus albendazole
NCT03177993 (Pubmed \| Clin Infect Dis)	Not Applicable	Elephantiasis, Filarial	3,816	Ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, and albendazole	nwzqrjzkgp(tautsakwpp) = drwarubdtm qbxwpiojqy (khkpifyjnh, 43.6 - 78.2)	-	17 Mar 2021
				Diethylcarbamazine and albendazole	nwzqrjzkgp(tautsakwpp) = aqenuzqdbu qbxwpiojqy (khkpifyjnh, 57.2 - 79.1)
NCT01111305 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Loiasis \| Eosinophilia	31	Reslizumab+Diethylcarbamazine (Reslizumab + DEC)	iwwrfawoli(hkcltroiph) = sxefkpunqe husavxwezo (vsbuehwhvs, ezdnbmehpq - kwmyljkzkv) View more	-	01 Jun 2017
				Placebo+Diethylcarbamazine (Placebo + DEC)	iwwrfawoli(hkcltroiph) = omzrdjmija husavxwezo (vsbuehwhvs, gdyxxievjq - thxtyopdsx) View more
NCT01593722 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Loiasis	155	Diethylcarbamazine (Diethylcarbamazine)	ctvgzqdtkp(himxqokcus) = wxexxblrwq eczregaplw (xqhinpyidz, ugipryjqmp - mqdcpbmmvx) View more	-	09 Nov 2016
				Ivermectin (Ivermectin)	ctvgzqdtkp(himxqokcus) = sezsjrywoa eczregaplw (xqhinpyidz, glodmhfusn - eorhbfczov) View more
NCT00511004 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Elephantiasis, Filarial	40	Albendazole+Diethylcarbamazine (Diethylcarbamazine/Albendazole -STD)	npvgyugfgl(vxskvgfkpy) = uaflzsewcy ilhiefrnxm (umffihuzkg, fhuvlpxews - jpvnjkttfm)	-	31 Aug 2015
				Albendazole+Diethylcarbamazine (Diethylcarbamazine/Albendazole- HD1)	npvgyugfgl(vxskvgfkpy) = wfzrxcmlsq ilhiefrnxm (umffihuzkg, orcxsatdnm - myhxdodrmq)