Sodium Ferric Gluconate Complex

The fabrication of discrete chiral Au nanorods (c‐Au NRs) used as new emerging chiral plasmonic nanozyme for colorimetric detection of glucose is presented. It is found that the colorimetric detection of glucose based on the c‐Au NRs is dependent on chiral geometries and polarized light. In comparison to Lc‐Au NRs, Dc‐Au NRs possess a lower linear concentration range of glucose detection and limit of detection (LOD) due to their higher affinity capacity. More importantly, polarized light (LP: linearly polarized light; LCP: left‐handed circularly polarized light; RCP: right‐handed circularly polarized light) can enantioselectively and markedly improve the LOD of glucose due to circularly polarized hot electrons and electromagnetic field. For instance, the LOD is lower under the RCP irradiation for Dc‐Au NRs in comparison to that under LCP irradiation. Similarly, the LOD is higher under the RCP irradiation for Lc‐Au NRs than that under LCP irradiation. Our work not only provides a novel strategy for the detection of glucose levels, but also reveals the chiral interaction between chiral matters and chemical substrates, which will be helpful in the field of chiral recognition, chiral catalysis, and chiral drugs.

The wide ecological distribution of actinobacteria suggests that they have developed efficient mechanisms to adapt to extremely nutritionally deficient (oligotrophic) conditions. The impact of nutrient limitation typically observed in oligotrophic areas on bacteria remains to be assessed for many species. The non-model Rhodococcus aetherivorans L13can grow under oligotrophic conditions, even without an added carbon source. Oligotrophic cells of L13 undergo physiological and morphological changes compared to glucose-grown cells, including forming short-fragmenting cells, producing an extracellular polymeric substance, and a 26-fold decrease in respiratory activity. We conducted genome sequencing of L13 and assembled the entire genome, subsequently comparing the abundance of gene transcripts in oligotrophic cells to those of glucose-grown cells, to explore the oligotrophy-responsive mechanisms at the genetic level. The genome comprises 6,543,485 base pairs, distributed across a single chromosome and six extrachromosomal plasmids (one linear and five circular). RNA-Seq analysis revealed the significant dysregulation of 2,665 genes (44% of the total genes detected). Results suggested a profound reorganization of its carbon and energy metabolism, including the activation of (i) mechanisms for utilizing air components; (ii) various dehydrogenases involved in aldehyde and alcohol metabolism, (iii) several enzymes involved in C2 metabolism, glyoxylate shunt, and TCA bypass routes, and downregulation of several genes that encode CO₂ releasing-decarboxylase enzymes. Our results suggested that the adaptation strategy of L13 to oligotrophic conditions is supported by a combination of metabolic events, including low metabolic activity, the activation of C2 and ketoacids metabolism, and the display of a carbon conservative metabolic program.