Sodium Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside

This study investigated the effects of glucose-maltose supplementation in freezing medium on the kinematic, viability, and fertility of Creole rooster spermatozoa. Fifty ejaculates from 10 Creole roosters were obtained in 5 weekly sessions to create 10 heterologous pools. Each pool was extended with Lake-Ravie plus 6 % dimethylacetamide and allocated to: GM1 (0.64 % glucose + 0.33 % maltose), GM2 (0.72 % glucose + 0.17 % maltose), or non-supplemented control. After thawing, the control presented higher motility and beat-cross frequency than GM1 and GM2 (P < 0.05). Viability was greater in GM1 and control than in GM2 (P < 0.05). Crucially, the fertility after artificial insemination of hens with frozen-thawed sperm from the GM1 group was higher (P < 0.05) compared to the non-supplemented group. In conclusion, glucose-maltose supplementation to the freezing medium can improve the viability and fertility of frozen-thawed Creole rooster semen, supporting its use in genetic conservation and breeding programs.

The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases and mental health disorders has been increasing over the past few decades. While genetic and lifestyle factors are important to the etiology of these illnesses, the pathogenic role of environmental factors, especially toxicants such as pesticides encountered over the life span, is receiving increased attention. As an environmental factor, organophosphates pose a constant threat to human health due to their widespread use as pesticides, their deployment by rogue militaries, and their use in terrorist attacks. The standard organophosphate-antidotal regimen provides modest efficacy against lethality, although morbidity remains high, and there is little evidence that it attenuates long-term neurobehavioral sequelae. Here we show that a novel intranasally administered treatment strategy with specific gangliosides can prevent the organophosphate-related alterations in important neurotrophin pathways that are involved in cognition and depression. We found that a single exposure to the organophosphate diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) in mice leads to persistent decreases in the neurotrophins NGF and BDNF and their receptors, TrkA and TrkB. Moreover, 7 days of repeated intranasal administration of gangliosides GM1 or GD3 24 h after the DFP injection prevented the neurotrophin receptor alterations. As NGF and BDNF signaling are involved in cognitive function and depression symptoms, respectively, intranasal administration of GM1 or GD3 may offer a preventative strategy against organophosphate-related alterations in these brain functions. Our study thus supports the potential of a novel therapeutic strategy for neurological and psychiatric deficits associated with a class of poisons that endangers millions of people worldwide.