Delving into the Latest Updates on Nicotine with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

(S)-(−)-nicotine, (S)-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine, (S)-3-(N-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine

+ [33]

Target

Muscle-type nAChRs

Action

agonists

Mechanism

Muscle-type nAChRs agonists(Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists)

Therapeutic Areas

Other DiseasesNeoplasmsRespiratory Diseases

Active Indication

Tobacco Use DisorderNicotine DependenceLung Cancer+ [2]

Inactive Indication

Acral Lentiginous Malignant MelanomaDyskinesia, Drug-InducedParkinson Disease

Originator Organization

Neuraltus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Active Organization

Shanghai Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Ltd.

Pfizer Inc.

Alfresa Pharma Corp.

+ [7]

Inactive Organization

Aveva Drug Delivery Systems, Inc.

Haleon PlcSAEHAN PHARM

+ [3]

License Organization-

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

United States (13 Jan 1984),

Nicotine Dependence

Regulation-

Login to view timeline

Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC10H14N2

InChIKeySNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N

CAS Registry54-11-5

This phase III trial compares a smartphone application with or without nicotine replacement therapy in improving smoking cessation among Hispanic adults who would like to quit smoking. The iCanQuit smartphone application focuses on skills for managing urges, motivation, and relapse prevention with personalized quit plans. Nicotine replacement therapy works by giving small, steady doses of nicotine to help stop cravings and relieve symptoms that occur when a person is trying to quit smoking without any of the other harmful chemicals found in tobacco products.

Start Date01 Nov 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

[+1]

NCT07128329

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 1IIT

The Acute Effects of Oral Nicotine Pouches Among Infrequent and Frequent Nicotine/Tobacco Users

The present human laboratory study will recruit cigarette smokers (n=60) and adult infrequent nicotine users (n=60) to complete two counterbalanced lab sessions in which the participants use nicotine pouches under controlled conditions. The investigators are recruiting both frequent and infrequent nicotine users because FDA regulates tobacco products based on a public health standard, meaning FDA must consider the impact a regulation may have on the population as a whole (e.g., people who use and do not use tobacco products currently).

Start Date01 Nov 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

The Johns Hopkins University

[+1]

NCT07089901

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 4IIT

Project DEDUCE: Digital Envirotyping to Develop Understanding of Cigarette Smoking and the Environment

Tobacco use is a chronic relapsing condition. That is, even with state-of-the-art treatment, >70% of smoking cessation attempts end in a return to regular smoking. Research demonstrates that everyday environments associated with smoking trigger craving for cigarettes, provoke smoking, and lead to relapse. However, despite this knowledge, understanding of environmental correlates of smoking has been limited by a reliance on self-report, leading to imprecise information about the physical environments in which people live. To overcome this challenge, the research team has pioneered the development of digital envirotyping, which uses digital tools (e.g., sensors, cameras, artificial intelligence) to efficiently and accurately characterize and categorize environments with the goal of identifying environmental markers of behavior and health. Foundational to the digital envirotyping research is computer vision (CV), a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that enables computer systems to recognize objects and scenes in digital images, mimicking how humans perceive and understand visual information. With CV researchers can extract detailed and accurate information (i.e., objects and location types) about the everyday environments of people who smoke (PWS) and relate that information to smoking behavior. After validating the use of CV, the researchers used CV to develop enviromarkers of relapse risk. Importantly, they identified a novel enviromarker in which people at greater risk for relapse when they quit are exposed to a more consistent level of environment-related smoking risk as they move between their smoking and nonsmoking environments.
Research is now needed to advance digital envirotyping and enviromarker development in the field of tobacco addiction. The study will recruit a diverse, national sample of n=500 adults who are interested in quitting smoking. For two weeks prior to quitting, they will undergo photoEMA in which they will take two pictures of their current environment when they smoke, and randomly 10 times per day resulting in >300,000 images total. Cessation will be supported by nicotine replacement therapy (i.e., nicotine patch). The primary clinical outcome will be days to relapse. Specific aims are to (1) further develop, refine, and validate methods for efficient digital envirotyping at scale, (2) leverage CV and AI approaches to develop enviromarkers of smoking relapse, and (3) conduct analyses to increase understanding of environmental smoking risk in women and individuals with low socioeconomic status.

Start Date01 Nov 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Duke University

[+1]

100 Clinical Results associated with Nicotine

Login to view more data

100 Translational Medicine associated with Nicotine

Login to view more data

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Nicotine

Login to view more data

39,640

Literatures (Medical) associated with Nicotine

31 Dec 2025·AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY

The relationship between work addiction and addictions to social media, shopping, food, caffeine, and nicotine

Article

Author: Onay, Ömer Alperen ; Griffiths, Mark D. ; Tınmaz Karaçay, Gülay ; Özsoy, Emrah ; Yılmaz, Canan ; Balaban, Özlem

Purpose:

Work addiction is a relatively underexplored behaviour compared to other forms of addiction. Existing research predominantly focuses on the antecedents and consequences of work addiction. However, studies examining its relationship with other types of addiction are notably limited. Therefore the present study investigated the relationships between work addiction and five other types of addiction (i.e. social media addiction, shopping addiction, food addiction, caffeine addiction, and nicotine addiction).

Method:

The research was conducted with 693 employees working in both public and private sectors. Data were collected through an online survey comprising validated scales for assessing the specific types of addiction and demographic questions. Descriptive statistics, internal consistency tests and Pearson correlation analysis were employed for data analysis.

Results:

Correlation analysis showed significant (albeit weak) positive relationships between work addiction and food addiction (r = .14), shopping addiction (r = .12), and caffeine addiction (r = .16). However, no significant relationships were found between work addiction and social media addiction or nicotine addiction. Comorbidity among individuals classified as high-risk for more than one addiction was only observed between two substance-based addictions (caffeine and nicotine), and between one substance-based addiction (caffeine) and one behavioural addiction (social media).

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that although multiple behavioural addictions may be associated, the observed comorbidity patterns primarily occur between two substance-based addictions or between a substance-based and a behavioural addiction, rather than between two behavioural addictions.

01 Dec 2025·Toxicology reports

Analysing the acute toxicity of e-cigarette liquids and their vapour on human lung epithelial (A549) cells in vitro

Article

Author: Donnellan, Samantha ; Findlay-Greene, Fern ; Vass, Sharron

The use of alternative tobacco products such as vaping devices has significantly increased over the last 5-years, with the largest increase being amongst 18-25-year-olds. While the quantity of nicotine is tightly regulated, the composition of e-liquid flavourings is largely unregulated, and often absent from product labels. Herein, we compare the toxicity of carrier liquids propylene glycol (PG) & vegetable glycerine (VG) with five popular flavour concentrates: menthol, cherry, butterscotch, vanilla bourbon and tobacco on human alveolar type II cell-like A549 cells. The flavourings were tested in both liquid and vapour form and a vapour assay was developed to assess cytotoxicity of the flavourings. Our results conclude that menthol liquid was the most cytotoxic (LD₅₀ = <0.5 % over a <4 h exposure). Followed by cherry and vanilla bourbon which elicited a similar response at 4 % over 8 h exposure. Tobacco only reached 50 % toxicity at a concentration > 4 % over 24 h exposure. Butterscotch displayed similar toxicity profiles to PG and VG where cytotoxicity exceeded 20 % at 8 % concentration at all time points. The cytotoxicity of menthol was further evaluated as a vapour, with a significant reduction in viable cells and a 5-fold increase in the number of necrotic cells with only 11 % of cells remaining viable after 5 vaping episodes. Analysis revealed the presence of toxic chemicals and heavy metals in the fluids therefore further research is required to fully elucidate the long-term usage of flavourings with vaping devices and the impact this may have on human lung health.

01 Dec 2025·BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY

The dual role of nicotine in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma

Review

Author: Hu, Yuxin ; Ding, Haofeng ; Li, Zihan ; Wang, Huai ; Zhang, Zhongwei

Nicotine is a significant regulator of cellular signaling pathways in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Also, it can activate intracellular signaling pathways leading to apoptosis in HCC. However, a comprehensive overview exploring the mechanisms linking HCC and nicotine is currently lacking. In this review, we examined the emerging evidence of the relationship between the development and progression of HCC and nicotine. Firstly, nicotine primarily promotes HCC through the activation of various cellular pathways, including α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)/janus kinase 2 (Jak2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling activated by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activating protein-1 (AP-1), SET domain bifurcated 1 (SETDB1) and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6)-mediated stability of STAT1, GC-rich binding factor 2 (GCF2)-mediated wingless int(Wnt)/β-catenin/sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) pathway, and β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling. Conversely, nicotine's inhibitory effects on HCC development may be mediated through the activation of signaling pathways. For instance, nicotine can stimulate immature dendritic cells to enhance immune response via PI3K/Akt pathway, as well as mediate the expressions of caspase-3 and Cyclin B1 via α7-nAChR. We reviewed the toxicological and pharmacological effects and related mechanisms of nicotine. It revealed that nicotine's impact on the liver is intricate and often conflicting. Nicotine may potentially fuel tumorigenesis through cellular processes. So, smoking cessation and protection from nicotine's effects are crucial. While recognizing potential benefits of nicotine on inflammation, it does not condone smoking; exploring its products for HCC therapy can advance treatment understanding.

197

News (Medical) associated with Nicotine

21 Aug 2025

·www.prnewswire.com

Northern Colorado's only fully integrated, state-licensed center unites psychiatry and psychedelic therapy under one roof

FORT COLLINS, Colo., Aug. 21, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- The Wholeness Center has received state approval to launch legal psilocybin-assisted therapy, becoming Northern Colorado's only licensed healing center and the state's first clinic where psychedelic services and integrative psychiatry operate under one roof. Continue Reading A New Era of Mental Health Care The new license allows Wholeness to combine its renowned expertise in psychiatry, naturopathic medicine, and integrative medicine with guided psilocybin sessions led by licensed clinical facilitators. This creates an end-to-end continuum of care for conditions such as depression, anxiety, trauma, and substance misuse. Clients undergo a comprehensive medical and psychological assessment, individualized preparation, expert-supported dosing, and multi-disciplinary integration to translate insights into lasting change. The Wholeness Center has received state approval to launch legal psilocybin-assisted therapy. Post this "Our co-located model means clients never have to choose between cutting-edge psychedelic care and trusted medical support. Everything is here, working together for whole-person healing," says Dr. Scott Shannon, co-founder and psychiatrist. Deep Roots in Psychedelic Research Dr. Scott Shannon and the Wholeness Center have been instrumental in advancing psychedelic medicine by integrating a holistic, spiritually informed clinical framework with rigorous scientific practice. Through pioneering partnerships, including serving as a principal investigator in MAPS's MDMA-assisted psychotherapy trials and conducting multi-site MindMed-sponsored LSD and psilocybin studies, the center has helped set best-practice standards for trial design, set and setting protocols, and interdisciplinary care. Wholeness is a leader in bringing forward new, evidence-based treatments for some of the most challenging mental health conditions. Key Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy Findings from Clinical Research Clinical trials at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that two psilocybin doses with psychotherapy produced large, rapid reductions in depression symptoms. Nearly half of participants achieved remission within four weeks, with benefits lasting up to a year. In long-term follow-up, 67% of participants remained in remission five years later, an unprecedented duration of therapeutic effect. An open-label pilot study published in the Journal of Affective Disorders reported that a single 25 mg dose of psilocybin led to a 60% response rate and a 53% remission rate of Treatment-Resistant Depression in U.S. military veterans within three weeks, with nearly half maintaining benefits at twelve weeks. Participants in clinical trials also reported greater life satisfaction, spiritual well-being, and improvements in overall health, benefits that extend well beyond symptom relief. Additionally, early clinical evidence indicates psilocybin may help address suicidality, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and addictions to alcohol, opiates and nicotine, often showing superior outcomes and low toxicity compared to standard treatments. Learn More or Get Started Patients, providers, and media can learn more or schedule an exploratory call by visiting the Wholeness Center website or contacting [email protected]. Limited openings available now, refer or call today to reserve a spot. Sources: Frontiers in Psychiatry, JAMA, JAMA Psychiatry, Psychiatry Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health SOURCE The Wholeness Center WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED

Clinical Study

08 Aug 2025

·pharma.economictimes.indiatimes.com

Zydus’ anti-smoking drug secures approval in Canada

Ahmedabad: Zydus Lifesciences announced that its anti-smoking generic drug ‘ ZDS-Varenicline ’ has secured regulatory approval in Canada. marketing has received marketing approval The company has received Notice of Compliance (NOC) the country’s nodal drug regulator Health Canada and Varenicline is a popular partial nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, used as an aid in smoking cessation . The drug is designed to partially activate the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR, while displacing nicotine at its sites of action in the brain. Unlike nicotine replacement therapies, such as patches, gums etc., these drugs do not contain nicotine, but targets the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors which helps to reduce nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms. According to IQVIA, in 2024 the drug reported total sales of ‘15 million Canadian dollar’ (around ₹94 crore). As per the company release, this is the group’s first NOC approval in Canada and the drug will be manufactured at its Ahmedabad plant in India. By Online Bureau ,

Drug Approval

08 Aug 2025

·pharma.economictimes.indiatimes.com

Zydus’ anti-smoking drug secures approval in Canada

Ahmedabad: Zydus Lifesciences announced that its anti-smoking generic drug ‘ ZDS-Varenicline ’ has secured regulatory approval in Canada. marketing has received marketing approval The company has received Notice of Compliance (NOC) the country’s nodal drug regulator Health Canada and Varenicline is a popular partial nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, used as an aid in smoking cessation . The drug is designed to partially activate the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR, while displacing nicotine at its sites of action in the brain. Unlike nicotine replacement therapies, such as patches, gums etc., these drugs do not contain nicotine, but targets the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors which helps to reduce nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms. According to IQVIA, in 2024 the drug reported total sales of ‘15 million Canadian dollar’ (around ₹94 crore). As per the company release, this is the group’s first NOC approval in Canada and the drug will be manufactured at its Ahmedabad plant in India. By Online Bureau ,

Drug Approval

100 Deals associated with Nicotine

Login to view more data

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D03365	Nicotine	N07BA01	DB00184

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

Login

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Smoking Cessation	South Korea	SAEHAN PHARM	28 Aug 2007
Tobacco Use Disorder	Australia	Johnson & Johnson Pacific Pty Ltd.	27 Nov 2001
Nicotine Dependence	United States	Haleon US Capital LLC	13 Jan 1984

Developing

10 top R&D records.

Login

to view more data

Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Acral Lentiginous Malignant Melanoma	Phase 3	United States	McNeil AB	01 Mar 2011
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced	Phase 2	United States	Neuraltus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 Oct 2009
Parkinson Disease	Phase 2	United States	Neuraltus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 Oct 2009
Lung Cancer	Phase 1	United States	Pfizer Inc.	16 Jun 2017
disorder of aging	Preclinical	China	The Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology	07 Feb 2023

Login to view more data

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT06289192 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Lung Cancer \| Tobacco Use Disorder	5	Lung Cancer Screening+Nicotine Replacement Product	xcuculjptt = hexoboroyd rxrhmhneed (xqutcsjxpm, nsofigaqdd - lorwgonurl) View more	-	10 Sep 2025
NCT04590404 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Smoking	606	Metabolism Informed Smoking Treatment (Nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR)-based selection of pharmacotherapy)+Nicotine Replacement Therapy+Varenicline	wkdpwjbpyb = cdinhaxmfr ymwvlceixy (txktxekhia, iioiaxyzqq - pfcjtuwude) View more	-	05 Jun 2025
NCT05030766 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Smoking Cessation \| HIV Infections \| Smoking	95	Nicotine replacement patches (Mindfulness Training (MT) and NRT (Phase 1))	njtwdoiqmc = bozpqcxnqr gyczbsmjjw (pheoetmdho, webjqkyagr - ltaezfyjce) View more	-	04 Jun 2025
				Nicotine replacement patches+NRT (Contingency Management (CM) and NRT (Phase 1))	njtwdoiqmc = erzqkjucxk gyczbsmjjw (pheoetmdho, kthnjxiacm - utbgcgmppc) View more
NCT04946825 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Smoking Cessation \| Nicotine Dependence	396	Nicotine replacement therapy patch+Continue electronic cigarettes (Quit Cigarettes, But Continue Using E-cigarettes, With Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Text Support)	goaojaonjx = dwieddnmwd gbrgigjxjl (qvachbvyry, dvnrktnyid - ligmzontux) View more	-	22 May 2025
				Nicotine replacement therapy patch+Quit electronic cigarettes (Quit Cigarettes and Quit E-cigarettes With Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Text Support.)	goaojaonjx = csifvhaptc gbrgigjxjl (qvachbvyry, anujflspqi - xhlhksoetq) View more
NCT02265874 (CTgov)	Phase 1/2	Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary	50	Habitrol (Treatment)	irzbrbpvbs(yfsawqqhnk) = hihyqbestf zezssitsau (ctdcqivilg, 0.22) View more	-	24 Apr 2025
				Placebo to Habitrol (Control)	irzbrbpvbs(yfsawqqhnk) = ybfeetthuq zezssitsau (ctdcqivilg, 0.04) View more
NCT04994444 (CTgov)	Phase 2/3	Smoking Cessation	49	Nicoderm CQ (Preloading)	axtohhjxss(aulbpkvpaj) = ivkipvsiyr wktmuwcaka (gvnbegnkez, 13.2) View more	-	06 Apr 2025
				Nicoderm CQ (Standard Treatment)	axtohhjxss(aulbpkvpaj) = yccbocpjfz wktmuwcaka (gvnbegnkez, 21.8) View more
NCT04433767 (Pubmed)	Phase 2	Depressive Disorder nicotine metabolite concentrations	29	Transdermal nicotine patches	jepwffmeqk(yigpcrdqsn) = improvement in self-reported affective symptoms (apathy, insomnia, rumination, and generalized anxiety symptoms), negativity bias, and disability tdqjlnjsuy (hqbbkmqcbt ) View more	Positive	01 Oct 2024
NCT05253573 (SurvLaos, CTgov)	Phase 2	Neoplasms \| Smoking	80	Self-help materials (to support smoking cessation)+Nicotine patch (Automated Treatment)	wczcxmtgku = tsfprzueqt dtdnyeagss (gpogsdwfeo, bsdgcbwamy - zejexlqlnw) View more	-	28 Aug 2024
				Self-help materials (to support smoking cessation)+Nicotine patch (Standard Care)	wczcxmtgku = jaochwxvmo dtdnyeagss (gpogsdwfeo, zniqspuogb - owsaszkgma) View more
NCT03272685 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Nicotine Dependence	799	Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes (Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes)	ftrtqwuten(inrioxfeta) = lsrbvuxcvj mcfbiimkmc (sjsxpusqno, 7.88) View more	-	20 Aug 2024
				Normal Nicotine Content Cigarettes (Normal Nicotine Content Cigarettes)	ftrtqwuten(inrioxfeta) = jnfssneszb mcfbiimkmc (sjsxpusqno, 9.07) View more
NCT03612960 (CTgov)	Not Applicable	Acral Lentiginous Malignant Melanoma	34	Very low nicotine content cigarettes (Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes)	jxpfdpmpqm(dmzjfsjdwj) = bfbyckkyzd nqkxhddeex (nahviohkch, 0.18) View more	-	20 Aug 2024
				Normal nicotine content cigarettes (Normal Nicotine Content Cigarettes)	jxpfdpmpqm(dmzjfsjdwj) = ncifejsfov nqkxhddeex (nahviohkch, 0.18) View more