To compare the outcomes of the use of propofol, etomidate, and ketamine as induction agents for adult trauma patients undergoing intubation within 24 hours of admission. The primary goal is to determine the ideal agent that should be used in this patient population for intubations.

Start Date01 Jan 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

University of Southern California

[+4]

ChiCTR2400090800 / SuspendedNot ApplicableIIT

Comparison of propofol, remimazolam and etomidate on hypotension after anesthesia induction in elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial

Start Date15 Oct 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University

ChiCTR2400087413 / SuspendedIIT

Etomidate and propofol in intravenous anesthesia for daytime quality of postoperative recovery of patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled, non inferior effect research

Start Date15 Oct 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital

100 Clinical Results associated with Etomidate

100 Translational Medicine associated with Etomidate

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Etomidate

2,807

Literatures (Medical) associated with Etomidate

01 Dec 2024·PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA

Perioperative anesthetic management of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome undergoing the comprehensive stage II surgery—A review of 148 cases

Article

Author: Thul, Josef ; Schranz, Dietmar ; Zajonz, Thomas ; Müller, Matthias ; Akintürk, Hakan ; Edinger, Fabian ; Lurz, Florian ; Yörüker, Uygar

Abstract:

Background:

Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome undergo the comprehensive stage 2 procedure as the second stage in the hybrid approach toward Fontan circulation. The complexity of comprehensive stage 2 procedure is considered a potential limitation, and limited information is available on its anesthetic management. This study aims to address this gap.

Methods:

A single‐center retrospective cohort study analyzed 148 HLHS patients who underwent comprehensive stage 2 procedure, divided into Group A (stable condition, n = 116) and Group B (requiring preoperative intravenous inotropic therapy, n = 32). Demographic data, intraoperative hemodynamics, anesthetic management, and postoperative outcomes were collected.

Results:

Etomidate (40%) was the most common induction agent, followed by esketamine (24%), midazolam (16%), and propofol (13%). Inhaled induction was rarely necessary (2%), occurring only in Group A patients. No statistical differences were found between groups for induction drug choice. Post‐cardiopulmonary bypass management included moderate hypoventilation, inhaled nitric oxide (100%), and hemodynamic support with milrinone (97%) and norepinephrine (77%). Group B patients more frequently required additional levosimendan (20%) and epinephrine (18%). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was necessary in 8 patients (5%) with no between‐group differences. Switching from fentanyl to remifentanil reduced postoperative ventilation time overall. However, Group B experienced significantly longer ventilation (6.3 vs. 3.5 h) and ICU stay (22 vs. 14 days). In‐hospital mortality was 5% overall (Group A: 4%, Group B: 9%). Long‐term survival analysis revealed a significant advantage for Group A.

Conclusion:

The use of short‐acting opioids and adjusted ventilation modes enables optimal pulmonary blood flow and rapid transition to spontaneous breathing. Differentiated hemodynamic support with milrinone, norepinephrine, supplemented by levosimendan and epinephrine in high‐risk patients, can mitigate the effects on the preoperatively volume‐loaded right ventricle. However, differences in long‐term survival probability were observed between groups.

Trial Registration:

Local ethics committee, Medical Faculty, Justus‐Liebig‐University‐Giessen (Trial Code Number: 216/14).

02 Oct 2024·CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

Adrenal insufficiency associated with long-term use of electronic cigarettes reportedly containing etomidate in two patients

Article

Author: Hong, Shihua ; Qin, Yongzhang ; Lin, Huimin ; Huang, Ziqian ; Lv, Weimin

01 Oct 2024·BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA

Phase 1 single-centre placebo- and etomidate-controlled study in healthy volunteers to assess safety, tolerability, clinical effects, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous methoxyethyl etomidate hydrochloride (ET-26)

Article

Author: Liu, Jin ; Yin, Qinqin ; Li, Lize ; Diao, Lei ; Deng, Xiaoqian ; Zhang, Wensheng ; Yang, Yang ; Sun, Yi ; Yang, Xiaoran

BACKGROUND:

Methoxyethyl etomidate hydrochloride (ET-26) is a novel etomidate analogue. This is the first-in-human study of a bolus i.v. formulation of ET-26 to assess its safety, tolerability, hypnotic effects, and pharmacokinetics.

METHODS:

We enrolled 58 subjects in a dose-escalating study (stage 1a, 10 cohorts, ET-26 0.05-2.8 mg kg^-1) and 40 subjects in a head-to-head study (stage 1b, four cohorts). Safety estimates included vital signs, adverse events, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Hypnotic effects were evaluated using the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S) scale, bispectral index, loss of eyelash reflex, and response to pain. Adrenocortical function was assessed using plasma total cortisol (PTC), and area above the PTC baseline (AUC_PTC) after adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation. Pharmacokinetics of plasma ET-26 concentrations were investigated.

RESULTS:

No severe adverse events occurred; the most common adverse events were myoclonus (53.8%) and injection pain (47.4%), which were transient and resolved spontaneously. Vital signs remained stable. ET-26 produced rapid-onset, short-duration unconsciousness. At the 95% effective dose (ED₉₅, 0.8 mg kg^-1), ET-26 produced unconsciousness with a similar onset time (1.9 [0.6] min vs 2.1 [1.3] min) and slightly shorter duration (2.9 [0.9] vs 4.8 [1.8]) compared with etomidate 0.3 mg kg^-1, and resulted in higher AUC_PTC (614 [454] vs -932 [555] nmol h^-1). ET-26 showed linear pharmacokinetics, and a two-compartment model best described the pharmacokinetics.

CONCLUSIONS:

ET-26 was tolerated in healthy volunteers up to 2.8 mg kg^-1. It produced rapid-onset, short-acting unconsciousness with stable cardiovascular and respiratory properties. Adrenocortical function was better preserved compared with etomidate 0.3 mg kg^-1.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ChiCTR2100047525 (https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx, ChiCTR2100047525).

News (Medical) associated with Etomidate

16 Jul 2024

·www.prnewswire.com

Benzodiazepine Drugs Market to Reach US$ 3.2 Billion by 2034, Growing at 3.5% CAGR | Impact of Psychological Conditions and Aging Population - Reports TMR

Benzodiazepine drugs are vastly used as psychoactive drugs, which can be used to control seizures, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, and other issues related to the psychological conditions of a human being. With the activity of drugs closely related to brain stimulation, the drug can act as a relaxant for muscles in the body. WILMINGTON, Del., July 16, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Owing to different governing factors, the development of the benzodiazepine drug market is expected to traverse a sluggish path of advancement during the forecasted period. With a CAGR of 3.5%, the industry will proceed to reach USD 3.2 billion by 2034. The last recorded size of the ecosystem was USD 2.2 billion in 2023. With the changing lifestyles and mounting pressures to cope with an accelerated pace of living, many people have been facing psychological issues. The growing prevalence of trauma, anxiety, mental fatigue, and many other psychological conditions is observed to have increased recently. To treat such medical conditions, an appropriate relaxant must be applied to get the desired results. This growing prevalence is a clear sign of an important driver that promises to elevate the size of the competitive space during the forecasted period. The rising geriatric population is contributing to the growing cases of insomnia. Along with the abovementioned factors, the growing senior population is trying to find solutions for issues like sleep deprivation. To cater to such issues, the use of benzodiazepine drugs is observed to have increased. Propel Your Business Success: Secure Your Sample of Our Latest Report Now! Due to the sedative properties of drugs, the use of such chemicals is observed to have gained traction in the case of muscle relaxants. To cater to such muscle spasms and other related issues, such drugs can be effective. This factor drives the sales of such drugs. With the spurring of innovation and growth in the technological infrastructure, product augmentation has become possible. Key players in the ecosystem invest more in innovation to alter formulations of drugs. This elevates drug delivery and response time, delivering better results. Rising investments in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries have generated better prospects for leading organizations. As more market openings have been created in the industry, the scope of expanding the market increases for key players, benefitting the size of the industry. The growing research and development activities are expected to augment the drug efficacy and efficiency, which will likely benefit the industry. Due to this, such efforts have been fueling the industry's progress, creating opportunities for new entrants. Benzodiazepine Drugs Market Report Scope: Key Findings from the Market Report The competitive landscape of benzodiazepine drugs can be segmented into different categories depending on various parameters. Based on the drug type, Alprazolam is used to control anxiety issues. The drug controls an abnormal excitement in the brain. Based on the application segment, anxiety is the largest shareholder in the industry. Due to the changing lifestyle, such cases are increasing at an alarming rate, gaining more demand for the segment. Based on the time of use, various prolonged cases of such drugs are seen to have gained momentum. Curing deep psychological impacts is surging the demand for the segment. Based on the end-user, hospital pharmacies govern the largest market share due to better availability of drugs. Regional Profile The growing awareness of psychological health in Asia-Pacific is creating better prospects for the global benzodiazepine drug market. With the growing drug research activities in Europe, the demand for such drugs will likely increase due to a larger canvas. The progress of the healthcare and pharmaceutical industry in North America is a key factor in helping the region lead the global landscape. Competitive Landscape Among different firms expanding in the industry, Pfizer Inc. is a key player that produces different products to expand. Such products include aminophylline, etomidate, argatroban injection, and many more. UCB S.A. is another important player producing solutions for Briviact (brivaracetam) Epilepsy, Ankylosing spondylitis, and Myasthenia Gravis. Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC operates in different verticals, including injectables, oral drugs, and other segments. Key Developments in the Benzodiazepine Drug Market In December 2023, Pfizer Inc. acquired Seagen. This move bolstered the position of the organization in the industry. In March 2024, UCB S.A. invested in IMIDomics, Inc. to innovate solutions for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. This product launch helped the business augment products, bolstering the position in the market. Key Players Pfizer Inc. UCB S.A. Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. H.Lundbeck A/S Apotex Inc. Aurobindo Pharma Purdue Pharma Other Prominent Players Market Segmentation Drug Type Alprazolam Clonazepam Diazepam Lorazepam Others (Midazolam, etc.) Application Anxiety Insomnia Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures Others (Bipolar Disorder, etc.) Time of Action Ultra-short Acting Short Acting Long Acting End User Hospital Pharmacies Retail Pharmacies Online Pharmacies Region North America Europe Asia Pacific Latin America Middle East & Africa Drive Your Business Growth Strategy: Purchase the Report for Key Insights! Have a Look at Related Research Reports of Pharmaceutical Cardiovascular Drugs Market - The global cardiovascular drugs market, valued at USD 142.8 billion in 2022, is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.8% from 2023 to 2031. This growth trajectory is expected to elevate the market size to USD 195.6 billion by the end of 2031, driven by increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, advancements in drug development, and rising healthcare expenditures globally. Insomnia Market - The global insomnia industry was worth US$ 3.8 billion in 2022. From 2023 to 2031, it is expected to increase at a CAGR of 6.0%, reaching US$ 6.4 billion. Various therapies have been explored for managing insomnia, offering non-pharmacological alternatives for those seeking sleep improvement. Bioengineered Protein Drugs Market - Rise in incidence of chronic diseases such as infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer is a dominating factor contributing to the bioengineered protein drugs market growth. About Transparency Market Research Transparency Market Research, a global market research company registered at Wilmington, Delaware, United States, provides custom research and consulting services. Our exclusive blend of quantitative forecasting and trends analysis provides forward-looking insights for thousands of decision makers. Our experienced team of Analysts, Researchers, and Consultants use proprietary data sources and various tools & techniques to gather and analyses information. Our data repository is continuously updated and revised by a team of research experts, so that it always reflects the latest trends and information. With a broad research and analysis capability, Transparency Market Research employs rigorous primary and secondary research techniques in developing distinctive data sets and research material for business reports. Contact: Transparency Market Research Inc. CORPORATE HEADQUARTER DOWNTOWN, 1000 N. West Street, Suite 1200, Wilmington, Delaware 19801 USA Tel: +1-518-618-1030 USA – Canada Toll Free: 866-552-3453 Website: Email: [email protected] Follow Us: LinkedIn | Twitter | Blog | YouTube Logo: SOURCE Transparency Market Research

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05 Dec 2023

·www.sciencedaily.com

Reverse metabolomics: New method finds biomarker for inflammatory bowel disease

Scientists' debut 'reverse metabolomics,' a groundbreaking approach to advancing microbiome research. They use the technique to discover hundreds of new human molecules, and a new biomarker and therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease. UC San Diego scientists' debut "reverse metabolomics," a groundbreaking approach to advancing microbiome research. They use the technique to discover hundreds of new human molecules, and a new biomarker and therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease. In recent years, microbiome research has started to shift its focus from the microbes themselves to the molecules they produce. After all, it's these molecules that directly interact with human cells to influence a person's health. But trying to identify which molecules are being made by a person's microbiome is quite challenging. A typical metabolomics study can only characterize about 10% of the molecular data from a human microbiome sample. In a new study published on December 5, 2023 in Nature, microbiome experts at University of California San Diego debut a new approach they call "reverse metabolomics." The technique combines organic synthesis, data science and mass spectrometry to better understand what molecules are being secreted by the microbiome and how they affect human health. In their first application of reverse metabolomics, the scientists found hundreds of molecules that had never been observed in the human body before. Using this novel data, they were able to identify a new metabolomic signature for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The authors say these molecules could someday serve as a biomarker for diagnosing IBD, or as a potential therapeutic target to help treat the disease. "We know the microbiome is important, but we don't know what kinds of molecules the microbes produce or how influential they are in the human body," said senior author Pieter C. Dorrestein, PhD, professor at Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at UC San Diego. "Reverse metabolomics helps us evaluate whether specific molecules can be found in the samples, predict which microbes are producing them, and relate these metabolomic signatures to health and disease." In a typical metabolomics study, researchers will use a tool called mass spectrometry to look for different molecules in a sample. In this technique, each molecule has its own "barcode" that it can be identified by. Still, scientists need to know what these barcodes represent to describe the contents of a sample, which remains challenge. In the new study, researchers in the Dorrestein Lab took a backward approach. First author Emily C. Gentry, PhD, now an assistant professor at Virginia Tech, used organic synthesis to first produce thousands of different synthetic molecules from four classes of interest, and then defined each of their barcodes. The researchers then utilized publicly available metabolomics data including the ones previously collected through the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation and searched for the new barcodes in that data. The findings revealed 145 of the synthesized bile acids were present in biological samples from public data, 139 of which had never been described before. "If you read a biology textbook, none of these molecules will be in it," said Dorrestein. "Not only are they new to our understanding of human physiology, they're entirely new to science, which is pretty amazing." Gentry and colleagues then compared the metabolomic signatures of samples from different patient populations and found a strong association between a synthesized class of microbial molecules -- bile amidates -- and IBD. This association was then validated across multiple cohorts, supporting the idea that these molecules are likely involved in the pathology of IBD. Looking closer, the scientists noticed that certain bile amidates were elevated in patients with Crohn's disease specifically when they had active symptoms, but this was not the case for patients with ulcerative colitis. Patterns like these could one day be used to help differentiate and diagnose specific types of IBD. The researchers then began to explore how these molecules might be influencing gut health. Additional experiments showed that several bile amidate compounds may promote gut inflammation by dysregulating T cell function. For example, one microbial compound produced a six-fold increase of a key cytokine known to be involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. "We're using organic synthesis and data science to better understand how our bodies work on a molecular level," said Gentry. "We're also one of the first studies to discover new human molecules using publicly available metabolomics data. As more metabolomics data becomes publicly available, reverse metabolomics will become even more informative." The authors say the molecules they've described could one day inspire new therapeutics for treating IBD. For example, patients might be treated with pills containing live microbes that secrete specific molecules, or drugs that inhibit the enzymes these disease-associated molecules interact with. "This is a remarkable achievement derived from our precision nutrition initiative, in which Dr. Dorrestein previously demonstrated that reverse metabolomics could identify food metabolites associated with disease severity in patients with IBD," said Andrés Hurtado-Lorenzo, PhD, senior vice president of Translational Research & IBD Ventures at the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation. "Now, this groundbreaking work has further progressed to discovering new metabolites that hold potential for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications in IBD." Co-authors of the study include: Morgan Panitchpakdi, Pedro Belda-Ferre, Marvic Carrillo Terrazas, Hsueh-han Lu, Simone Zuffa, Julian Avila-Pacheco, Damian R. Plichta, Allegra T. Aron, Mingxun Wang, Alan K. Jarmusch, Mashette Syrkin-Nikolau, Brigid Boland, Amy Hemperly, Niels Vande Casteele, Hiutung Chu, Rob Knight and Dionicio Siegel at UC San Diego; Stephanie L. Collins, Fuhua Hao and Andrew D. Patterson at The Pennsylvania State University; Allison K. Stewart and Erin S. Baker at North Carolina State University; Tingting Yan and Frank J. Gonzalez at National Institutes of Health; Hera Vlamakis, Clary B. Clish and Ramnik J. Xavier at Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; and Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan at Massachusetts General Hospital. The study was funded, in part, by the National Institutes of Health (grants R01GM107550, R01AI67860, U01 DK119702, R00DK110534, P30ES025128, P42ES027704, P42 ES031009, T32DK007202 and ES103363-01), the Collaborative Microbial Metabolite Center (grant R01DK13611701), the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation (grant 675191), the Center for Computational Mass Spectrometry (grant P41GM103484), a cooperative agreement with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (STAR RD84003201), the Pennsylvania Department of Health, the Tombros Foundation, the National Academies of Sciences, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute Graduate Fellowships.

Microbial therapy

100 Deals associated with Etomidate

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00548	Etomidate	N01AX07	DB00292

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10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Anesthesia	US	Hospira, Inc.	07 Sep 1982

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


ChiCTR2100054565 (Pubmed)	Phase 4	-	-	Remifentanil	xwkelvkgst(skrjaqjqxx) = which occurred in 3 patients otothdpzyl (najlvfokpi )	-	28 Jun 2023
ATS2023	Not Applicable	-	-	Etomidate Drip	zjzjlabaxx(fvsvhsmnrn) = Complications included hypokalemia and somnolence qvuxnqwzam (axmtbgrzjn ) View more	Positive	21 May 2023
TCTR20210213001 (Thai Clinical Trials Registry, Pubmed \| Sci Rep)	Phase 3	Sepsis	-	Etomidate 0.2-0.3 mg/kg	nsmwivkbyp(jemzniyanj) = irlfwmjxhc hvddldhixf (cuqptbygph ) View more	Negative	19 Apr 2023
				Ketamine 1-2 mg/kg	nsmwivkbyp(jemzniyanj) = udfcrwllgs hvddldhixf (cuqptbygph ) View more
NCT02910206 (EPIC, Pubmed)	Not Applicable	-	1,944	Etomidate	dawfmxjhhg(dwmhpjnxng) = bqfisijiyh jmclghdckh (szpgljlykv ) View more	Positive	10 Aug 2022
				Propofol	dawfmxjhhg(dwmhpjnxng) = dcwramrsps jmclghdckh (szpgljlykv ) View more
NCT04857450 (Pubmed)	Not Applicable	Heart Diseases	60	Etomidate	cybgggrjhj(spjkmdzidy) = hehnnhxkkc aatkwbjcfe (dlfclbqjcb, 49.218)	Positive	21 Apr 2022
				Ketamine+Etomidate	cybgggrjhj(spjkmdzidy) = yizlonvjte aatkwbjcfe (dlfclbqjcb, 67.946)
NCT02643381 (EvK, CTgov)	Phase 4	Heart Arrest	801	Emergency Endotracheal Intubation+Etomidate (Etomidate)	mxjzsuesqp(ixxbvecjsu) = lxgnjviuds wofzxmvrjj (qrrgcutehk, bcajzdhrrh - nqrofahtml) View more	-	15 Dec 2021
				Emergency Endotracheal Intubation+ketamine (Ketamine)	mxjzsuesqp(ixxbvecjsu) = fhzhonkkpd wofzxmvrjj (qrrgcutehk, twedjibxdc - vrdsiiuvee) View more
NCT02643381 (Pubmed \| Intensive Care Med)	Phase 4	-	801	Etomidate	fqspinjovo(blicezsdrt) = sersbgcgty qkvicnptsl (aqartwcbim ) View more	-	14 Dec 2021
				Ketamine	fqspinjovo(blicezsdrt) = ambiovghgo qkvicnptsl (aqartwcbim ) View more
NCT03545503 (Ket-RSI, CTgov)	Phase 4	-	428	Etomidate (Etomidate)	uosnvuwsnk(sfswhnurdp) = ctvzwhyakl hhjyvdrqni (iiosfkijcn, kuavhuwvhs - rksuioceoz) View more	-	26 Nov 2021
				Ketamine (Ketamine)	uosnvuwsnk(sfswhnurdp) = pnjponguvl hhjyvdrqni (iiosfkijcn, ohlldrznhb - jvipmvsilg) View more
ATS2021	Not Applicable	Ectopic ACTH Syndrome	-	Etomidate infusion	oflahrsfjl(ehmgdjumab) = severely elevated xcttehlfrd (ytqnxnhset ) View more	-	03 May 2021
NCT03820388 (CTgov)	Phase 4	-	75	Propofol 2mg/kg (Propofol Group)	atefxfgfqo(celfhtlzug) = vszcxmheps ditchfpfrw (wpqsibvkny, xovznoyhgp - hcterqfyzf) View more	-	23 Feb 2021
				Etomidate 0.3 mg/kg (Etomidate Group)	atefxfgfqo(celfhtlzug) = ahzcxtxpqd ditchfpfrw (wpqsibvkny, qxciqlipoo - qsgjyilihk) View more

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