To compare the outcomes of the use of propofol, etomidate, and ketamine as induction agents for adult trauma patients undergoing intubation within 24 hours of admission. The primary goal is to determine the ideal agent that should be used in this patient population for intubations.

Start Date01 Jan 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

University of Southern California

[+4]

ChiCTR2500114113

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 4IIT

A Comparative Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Tegileridine and Sufentanil in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Start Date08 Dec 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Xiangyang Central Hospital

ChiCTR2500110874

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 4IIT

Effect of low-dose esketamine added to etomidate on hypotension after general anesthesia induction in elderly patients undergoing percutaneous kyphoplasty

Start Date01 Oct 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital)

100 Clinical Results associated with Etomidate

100 Translational Medicine associated with Etomidate

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Etomidate

3,393

Literatures (Medical) associated with Etomidate

01 Feb 2026·FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL

Identification and structural elucidation of 2,6-dichloro-3-fluoroetomidate: A new psychoactive substance in e-liquids

Article

Author: Wu, Li ; Xu, Boyang ; Zhang, Hongjian ; Song, Hong ; Gao, Jianhong

The increasing prevalence of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has raised significant concerns regarding their safety and potential for abuse. This study, for the first time, reports the identification of a novel halogenated etomidate analogue (2,6-dichloro-3-fluoroetomidate) in seized e-liquids. Unlike previously reported modifications on the ester sidechain, this compound uniquely features three halogen atoms (2,6-chlorine and 3-fluorine) on the benzene ring, representing a new frontier in structural diversification of psychoactive substances. We characterized its structure using GC-MS, UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS, NMR, and FTIR, confirming it through de novo synthesis. By providing a comprehensive analytical database for this compound, our findings enable forensic laboratories to rapidly distinguish it from common regioisomers. Computational toxicology indicates a high risk of neurotoxicity, underscoring the urgency for regulatory scrutiny. This study provides a systematic analytical characterization to assist forensic workers in identifying similar substances.

01 Dec 2025·BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY

Pharmacokinetic and Bioavailability Analysis of Etomidate, Metomidate, and Propoxate in Mice Using UPLC–MS/MS

Article

Author: Zhuo, Siyu ; Ma, Jianshe ; Dong, Xicheng ; Hu, Lufeng ; Chen, Siyuan ; Wang, Xianqin

ABSTRACT:

Several studies have reported detection methods for etomidate and its analogues, metomidate and propoxate, but data on their pharmacokinetics and bioavailability are limited. This study develops a UPLC–MS/MS method to simultaneously detect these compounds and evaluates their pharmacokinetics and bioavailability in mice. Plasma samples were processed using methanol‐induced protein precipitation. The separation was conducted on a UPLC BEH C18 column with an acetonitrile‐water (containing 0.1% formic acid) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min, achieving elution within 4 min. Quantitative analysis was performed using MRM mode coupled with ESI in positive ion mode. In this study, mice received etomidate, metomidate, and propoxate via intravenous (1 mg/kg) and oral (10 mg/kg) routes, and the pharmacokinetics were evaluated. The calibration curves demonstrated excellent linearity within the ranges of 0.5–1000 ng/mL for etomidate, 0.504–1080 ng/mL for metomidate, and 0.77–1540 ng/mL for propoxate in mouse plasma, with correlation coefficients ( r values) exceeding 0.998. The developed UPLC‐MS/MS method was successfully utilized to analyze the pharmacokinetics of etomidate, metomidate, and propoxate. The absolute bioavailability of etomidate, metomidate, and propoxate was determined to be 14.0%, 21.3%, and 15.3%, respectively.

01 Dec 2025·EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of 4-fluoroetomidate (NH600001) in healthy subjects: a first-in-human, randomised, controlled, phase I study

Article

Author: Wu, Qian ; Huang, Jie ; Cao, Yajie ; Xie, Jinlian ; Guo, Can ; Duan, Kaiming ; Ye, Ling ; Sun, Yuanyuan ; Lin, Yaqi ; Wang, Saiying ; Yang, Guo-Ping ; Yang, Shuang

BACKGROUND:

NH600001 (formerly EL-0052) is a novel 4-fluoroetomidate formulated as a lipid emulsion. This first-in-human, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-ascending-dose trial aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of NH600001.

METHODS:

Eighty-eight healthy volunteers were randomized into seven dose cohorts (0.04-0.40 mg/kg). Each cohort included NH600001, placebo, and etomidate as an active comparator. The injectable emulsion was administered as a single, 10 mL intravenous dose over one minute using a syringe pump. Safety was assessed by clinical evaluations, laboratory tests, electrocardiography, and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Plasma drug concentrations were measured for PK analysis, and bispectral index (BIS), modified observer assessment of alertness/sedation (MOAA/S), and eyelash reflex were used as PD indicators.

RESULTS:

Of 88 participants, 58 received NH600001, 16 received etomidate, and 14 received placebo. A total of 57 subjects (64.8 %) reported 130 TEAEs, most of which were mild; no serious adverse events were reported. TEAE incidence was 62.1 % in the NH600001 group, 81.3 % in the etomidate group, and 57.1 % in the placebo group. NH600001 did not induce adrenocortical suppression, in contrast to etomidate. Across the dose groups, the mean time to maximum plasma concentration (T_max) ranged from 2.5 ± 0.9 to 3.9 ± 3.3 min, while the mean terminal half-life (t_1/2) ranged from 4.9 to 38.6 h. A linear dose-exposure relationship was observed for area under the concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (AUC_0-∞) and to the last quantifiable concentration (AUC_0-t) across 0.04-0.40 mg/kg. At 0.26 mg/kg, NH600001 produced anesthetic onset (1.8 min) and duration (4.9 min) comparable to 0.30 mg/kg etomidate.

CONCLUSIONS:

NH600001 demonstrated favorable safety and tolerability, with reduced adrenocortical suppression compared to etomidate. Doses of 0.20-0.30 mg/kg are supported for further clinical development. These findings suggest NH600001 may offer a promising alternative to etomidate by preserving anesthetic efficacy while minimizing endocrine adverse effects.

News (Medical) associated with Etomidate

15 May 2025

·www.prnewswire.com

Cushing's Disease Market Poised for Significant Growth Across the 7MM During the Study Period (2020-2034) with Rising Awareness and Diagnostic Improvements | DelveInsight

The Cushing's disease pipeline possesses some drugs in mid and late-stage development to be approved in the near future. The emerging landscape holds a diverse range of therapeutic alternatives for treatment, including relacorilant, clofutriben, atumelnant, and others. The expected launch of these therapies shall further create a positive impact on the Cushing's disease market. LAS VEGAS, May 15, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- DelveInsight's Cushing's Disease Market Insights report includes a comprehensive understanding of current treatment practices, Cushing's disease emerging drugs, market share of individual therapies, and current and forecasted market size from 2020 to 2034, segmented into 7MM [the United States, the EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain) and the United Kingdom, and Japan]. Key Takeaways from the Cushing's Disease Market Report According to DelveInsight's analysis, the market size for Cushing's disease was found to be USD 1 billion in the 7MM in 2024. In 2024, among all the current therapies for Cushing's disease, the highest revenue was generated by Mifepristone (KORLYM and generics) in the US. Based on DelveInsight's assessment in 2024, the 7MM had approximately 37K diagnosed prevalent cases of Cushing's disease. These cases are expected to rise due to advancements in diagnostic capabilities and increased awareness about the disease during the forecast period (2025–2034). Leading Cushing's disease companies developing emerging therapies, such as Corcept Therapeutics, Sparrow Pharmaceuticals, Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, H. Lundbeck, Stero Therapeutics, and others, are developing novel Cushing's disease drugs that can be available in the Cushing's disease market in the coming years. The promising Cushing's disease therapies in the pipeline include DUPIXENT (dupilumab), Linerixibat (GSK2330672), NEMLUVIO/MITCHGA (nemolizumab), Volixibat, and others. In March 2025, Corcept Therapeutics announced that the FDA had assigned a PDUFA target action date of December 30, 2025, for relacorilant to treat patients with endogenous hypercortisolism. In February 2025, Crinetics Pharmaceuticals mentioned that the company anticipates beginning enrollment for Atumelnant (CRN04894) in Phase Ib/IIa trials for Cushing's disease in late 2025 or early 2026. In October 2024, Sparrow Pharmaceuticals announced that clofutriben had been granted Orphan Drug Designation (ODD) by the US FDA for the treatment of endogenous Cushing's syndrome. Discover which therapies are expected to grab the major Cushing's disease market share @ Cushing's Disease Market Report Cushing's Disease Overview Cushing's disease is a rare but serious endocrine disorder caused by a pituitary tumor that triggers excessive cortisol production. It presents with a variety of symptoms such as weight gain, fatigue, mood disturbances, high blood pressure, and impaired glucose tolerance. Cushing's syndrome is responsible for 80–85% of hypercortisolism cases, with 75–80% of those linked to ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas. Without treatment, the 5-year survival rate is only about 50%, emphasizing the urgent need for effective therapies. Diagnosing Cushing's disease is especially difficult because it is rare, shares symptoms with other disorders, and presents in various ways. Only 40–60% of patients have a detectable tumor on standard Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and the diagnosis is often delayed by an average of 7 years. Cushing's Disease Epidemiology Segmentation The Cushing's disease epidemiology section provides insights into the historical and current Cushing's disease patient pool and forecasted trends for the 7MM. It helps recognize the causes of current and forecasted patient trends by exploring numerous studies and views of key opinion leaders. The Cushing's disease market report proffers epidemiological analysis for the study period 2020–2034 in the 7MM segmented into: Total Prevalent Cases of Cushing's Disease Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Cushing's Disease Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Cushing's Disease Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Cushing's Disease Cushing's Disease Treatment Market The primary treatment for Cushing's disease is usually transsphenoidal surgery to remove the pituitary tumor, which often leads to remission. However, some patients may experience a recurrence. When surgery is unsuccessful or not an option, medical therapies are used to control cortisol levels. Various medications are available for managing Cushing's disease, especially in cases where surgery is ineffective or not feasible. One such drug is KORLYM, developed by Corcept Therapeutics, approved for treating hyperglycemia in patients with Cushing's syndrome who also have Type 2 diabetes or glucose intolerance. In 2024, a generic version by Teva Pharmaceuticals entered the market, adding competition, and Corcept itself has released a generic version as well. Other approved options include S IGNIFOR and SIGNIFOR LAR, ISTURISA, and RECORLEV. In addition, off-label drugs like ketoconazole, metyrapone, cabergoline, mitotane, and etomidate are also used in the U.S., with some marketed in Europe by HRA Pharma. SIGNIFOR (pasireotide), developed by Recordati, was the first drug specifically approved for Cushing's disease by the FDA in 2012, and also gained EU approval. Recordati also markets SIGNIFOR LAR, a long-acting injectable version approved by the FDA and Japan's PMDA in 2018. This formulation, administered intramuscularly once every four weeks, shares the same mechanism as SIGNIFOR but offers a different delivery route. Recordati is recognized as a leading player in this therapeutic area. Another key product from the company is ISTURISA (osilodrostat), the first FDA-approved oral drug that inhibits cortisol production by targeting the enzyme 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1), which is involved in the final step of cortisol synthesis. Its oral administration makes it more convenient for patients compared to injectable therapies. ISTURISA is also being studied for pediatric use in an ongoing Phase II trial (NCT03708900). RECORLEV, originally developed by Strongbridge Biopharma and later acquired by Xeris Pharmaceuticals, was approved by the FDA in 2021. It is indicated for adults with endogenous Cushing's syndrome who are not surgical candidates or did not achieve a cure through surgery. Unlike ISTURISA, RECORLEV works by inhibiting cortisol production at multiple points in the steroidogenesis pathway, offering a distinct mechanism of action. To know more about Cushing's disease treatment guidelines, visit @ Cushing's Disease Management Cushing's Disease Pipeline Therapies and Key Companies Relacorilant (CORT125134): Corcept Therapeutics Clofutriben (SPI-62): Sparrow Pharmaceuticals Atumelnant (CRN04894): Crinetics Pharmaceuticals Lu AG13909: H. Lundbeck ST-002: Stero Therapeutics Discover more about Cushing's disease drugs in development @ Cushing's Disease Clinical Trials Cushing's Disease Market Dynamics The Cushing's disease market dynamics are expected to change in the coming years. Although Cushing's disease is generally considered a rare condition, growing awareness and recent advances in research suggest that diagnoses may rise in the future; despite a seemingly crowded market, many current hypercortisolism treatments fail to normalize cortisol levels effectively and pose significant side effects highlighting a substantial opportunity for innovation, especially given the limited therapies specifically targeting Cushing's disease and the potential of newer oral alternatives like ISTURISA and RECORLEV to offer greater flexibility compared to SC and intramuscular options such as SIGNIFOR and SIGNIFOR LAR. Furthermore, potential therapies are being investigated for the treatment of Cushing's disease, and it is safe to predict that the treatment space will significantly impact the Cushing's disease market during the forecast period. Moreover, the anticipated introduction of emerging therapies with improved efficacy and a further improvement in the diagnosis rate are expected to drive the growth of the Cushing's disease market in the 7MM. However, several factors may impede the growth of the Cushing's disease market. Due to non-specific guidelines and recommendations, patients with Cushing's disease often face suboptimal care, delayed diagnosis, and inconsistent treatment approaches, further compounded by the diagnostic complexity, frequent misdiagnosis, and symptom overlap with more common conditions, which leave many undiagnosed or untreated; while existing therapies such as ketoconazole and metyrapone approved in Europe based on limited retrospective data and used off-label in the US despite high costs are widely trusted and entrenched in clinical practice, posing a significant barrier to the adoption of emerging therapies. Moreover, Cushing's disease treatment poses a significant economic burden and disrupts patients' overall well-being and QOL. Furthermore, the Cushing's disease market growth may be offset by failures and discontinuation of emerging therapies, unaffordable pricing, market access and reimbursement issues, and a shortage of healthcare specialists. In addition, the undiagnosed, unreported cases and the unawareness about the disease may also impact the Cushing's disease market growth. Scope of the Cushing's Disease Market Report Therapeutic Assessment: Cushing's Disease current marketed and emerging therapies Cushing's Disease Market Dynamics: Key Market Forecast Assumptions of Emerging Cushing's Disease Drugs and Market Outlook Competitive Intelligence Analysis: SWOT analysis and Market entry strategies Unmet Needs, KOL's views, Analyst's views, Cushing's Disease Market Access and Reimbursement Download the report to understand which factors are driving Cushing's disease market trends @ Cushing's Disease Market Trends Table of Contents Related Reports Cushing's Syndrome Market Cushing's Syndrome Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034 report deliver an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology, as well as the market trends, market drivers, market barriers, and key Cushing's syndrome companies including Corcept Therapeutics, Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Sparrow Pharmaceuticals, Stero Therapeutics, among others. Cushing's Syndrome Pipeline Cushing's Syndrome Pipeline Insight – 2025 report provides comprehensive insights about the pipeline landscape, pipeline drug profiles, including clinical and non-clinical stage products, and the key Cushing's syndrome companies, including Corcept Therapeutics, Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Sparrow Pharmaceuticals, Stero Therapeutics, among others. Endogenous Cushing's Syndrome Market Endogenous Cushing's Syndrome Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034 report deliver an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology, as well as the market trends, market drivers, market barriers, and key endogenous Cushing's syndrome companies including Corcept Therapeutics, Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Sparrow Pharmaceuticals, among others. Endogenous Cushing's Syndrome Pipeline Endogenous Cushing's Syndrome Pipeline Insight – 2025 report provides comprehensive insights about the pipeline landscape, pipeline drug profiles, including clinical and non-clinical stage products, and the key endogenous Cushing's syndrome companies, including Corcept Therapeutics, Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Sparrow Pharmaceuticals, among others. About DelveInsight DelveInsight is a leading Business Consultant and Market Research firm focused exclusively on life sciences. It supports pharma companies by providing comprehensive end-to-end solutions to improve their performance. Get hassle-free access to all the healthcare and pharma market research reports through our subscription-based platform PharmDelve . Contact Us Shruti Thakur [email protected] +14699457679 Logo: SOURCE DelveInsight Business Research, LLP WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED

Drug ApprovalOrphan DrugPhase 2

16 Jul 2024

·www.prnewswire.com

Benzodiazepine Drugs Market to Reach US$ 3.2 Billion by 2034, Growing at 3.5% CAGR | Impact of Psychological Conditions and Aging Population - Reports TMR

Benzodiazepine drugs are vastly used as psychoactive drugs, which can be used to control seizures, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, and other issues related to the psychological conditions of a human being. With the activity of drugs closely related to brain stimulation, the drug can act as a relaxant for muscles in the body. WILMINGTON, Del., July 16, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Owing to different governing factors, the development of the benzodiazepine drug market is expected to traverse a sluggish path of advancement during the forecasted period. With a CAGR of 3.5%, the industry will proceed to reach USD 3.2 billion by 2034. The last recorded size of the ecosystem was USD 2.2 billion in 2023. With the changing lifestyles and mounting pressures to cope with an accelerated pace of living, many people have been facing psychological issues. The growing prevalence of trauma, anxiety, mental fatigue, and many other psychological conditions is observed to have increased recently. To treat such medical conditions, an appropriate relaxant must be applied to get the desired results. This growing prevalence is a clear sign of an important driver that promises to elevate the size of the competitive space during the forecasted period. The rising geriatric population is contributing to the growing cases of insomnia. Along with the abovementioned factors, the growing senior population is trying to find solutions for issues like sleep deprivation. To cater to such issues, the use of benzodiazepine drugs is observed to have increased. Propel Your Business Success: Secure Your Sample of Our Latest Report Now! Due to the sedative properties of drugs, the use of such chemicals is observed to have gained traction in the case of muscle relaxants. To cater to such muscle spasms and other related issues, such drugs can be effective. This factor drives the sales of such drugs. With the spurring of innovation and growth in the technological infrastructure, product augmentation has become possible. Key players in the ecosystem invest more in innovation to alter formulations of drugs. This elevates drug delivery and response time, delivering better results. Rising investments in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries have generated better prospects for leading organizations. As more market openings have been created in the industry, the scope of expanding the market increases for key players, benefitting the size of the industry. The growing research and development activities are expected to augment the drug efficacy and efficiency, which will likely benefit the industry. Due to this, such efforts have been fueling the industry's progress, creating opportunities for new entrants. Benzodiazepine Drugs Market Report Scope: Key Findings from the Market Report The competitive landscape of benzodiazepine drugs can be segmented into different categories depending on various parameters. Based on the drug type, Alprazolam is used to control anxiety issues. The drug controls an abnormal excitement in the brain. Based on the application segment, anxiety is the largest shareholder in the industry. Due to the changing lifestyle, such cases are increasing at an alarming rate, gaining more demand for the segment. Based on the time of use, various prolonged cases of such drugs are seen to have gained momentum. Curing deep psychological impacts is surging the demand for the segment. Based on the end-user, hospital pharmacies govern the largest market share due to better availability of drugs. Regional Profile The growing awareness of psychological health in Asia-Pacific is creating better prospects for the global benzodiazepine drug market. With the growing drug research activities in Europe, the demand for such drugs will likely increase due to a larger canvas. The progress of the healthcare and pharmaceutical industry in North America is a key factor in helping the region lead the global landscape. Competitive Landscape Among different firms expanding in the industry, Pfizer Inc. is a key player that produces different products to expand. Such products include aminophylline, etomidate, argatroban injection, and many more. UCB S.A. is another important player producing solutions for Briviact (brivaracetam) Epilepsy, Ankylosing spondylitis, and Myasthenia Gravis. Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC operates in different verticals, including injectables, oral drugs, and other segments. Key Developments in the Benzodiazepine Drug Market In December 2023, Pfizer Inc. acquired Seagen. This move bolstered the position of the organization in the industry. In March 2024, UCB S.A. invested in IMIDomics, Inc. to innovate solutions for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. This product launch helped the business augment products, bolstering the position in the market. Key Players Pfizer Inc. UCB S.A. Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. H.Lundbeck A/S Apotex Inc. Aurobindo Pharma Purdue Pharma Other Prominent Players Market Segmentation Drug Type Alprazolam Clonazepam Diazepam Lorazepam Others (Midazolam, etc.) Application Anxiety Insomnia Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures Others (Bipolar Disorder, etc.) Time of Action Ultra-short Acting Short Acting Long Acting End User Hospital Pharmacies Retail Pharmacies Online Pharmacies Region North America Europe Asia Pacific Latin America Middle East & Africa Drive Your Business Growth Strategy: Purchase the Report for Key Insights! Have a Look at Related Research Reports of Pharmaceutical Cardiovascular Drugs Market - The global cardiovascular drugs market, valued at USD 142.8 billion in 2022, is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.8% from 2023 to 2031. This growth trajectory is expected to elevate the market size to USD 195.6 billion by the end of 2031, driven by increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, advancements in drug development, and rising healthcare expenditures globally. Insomnia Market - The global insomnia industry was worth US$ 3.8 billion in 2022. From 2023 to 2031, it is expected to increase at a CAGR of 6.0%, reaching US$ 6.4 billion. Various therapies have been explored for managing insomnia, offering non-pharmacological alternatives for those seeking sleep improvement. Bioengineered Protein Drugs Market - Rise in incidence of chronic diseases such as infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer is a dominating factor contributing to the bioengineered protein drugs market growth. About Transparency Market Research Transparency Market Research, a global market research company registered at Wilmington, Delaware, United States, provides custom research and consulting services. Our exclusive blend of quantitative forecasting and trends analysis provides forward-looking insights for thousands of decision makers. Our experienced team of Analysts, Researchers, and Consultants use proprietary data sources and various tools & techniques to gather and analyses information. Our data repository is continuously updated and revised by a team of research experts, so that it always reflects the latest trends and information. With a broad research and analysis capability, Transparency Market Research employs rigorous primary and secondary research techniques in developing distinctive data sets and research material for business reports. Contact: Transparency Market Research Inc. CORPORATE HEADQUARTER DOWNTOWN, 1000 N. West Street, Suite 1200, Wilmington, Delaware 19801 USA Tel: +1-518-618-1030 USA – Canada Toll Free: 866-552-3453 Website: Email: [email protected] Follow Us: LinkedIn | Twitter | Blog | YouTube Logo: SOURCE Transparency Market Research

Acquisition

23 Aug 2017

·www.biospace.com

This Pharma Giant Doesn’t Want Its Drug Used in Death Penalty Executions

August 23, 2017 By Alex Keown , BioSpace.com Breaking News Staff NEW YORK -- Janssen Pharmaceutical , a division of health care giant Johnson & Johnson , is entering the debate on the death penalty. The company is opposing the use of one of its drugs in the looming execution of a Florida death row inmate. Earlier this year, the state of Florida amended its protocols surrounding lethal injection to allow the inclusion of Janssen’s etomidate anesthetic agent. State leaders did this as its supplies of midazolam, a sedative used in executions, were exhausted, The Street reported. Midazolam was one of two drugs at the center of lawsuits filed against the state of Arkansas by drugmakers over their use in executions earlier this year. This will be the first time Janssen’s drug will be used as part of an execution, the Washington Post reported, citing the Death Penalty Information Center. Florida intends to use Janssen’s drug as part of a lethal cocktail in the execution of Mark Asay , who was convicted of two murders committed in 1987, the Post said. Janssen is opposed to the use of etomidate, which was first developed in the 1960s, in capital punishment. “Janssen discovers and develops medical innovations to save and enhance lives. We do not support the use of our medicines for indications that have not been approved by regulatory authorities,” Greg Panico , a spokesman for Janssen said in a statement to the Post . “We do not condone the use of our medicines in lethal injections for capital punishment.” While Janssen and J&J may oppose the use of its drug in executions, the Post noted that it’s a largely symbolic opposition. Etomidate is not sold in the United States by J&J and the company divested itself of the product last year. Etomidate is off-patent and made by multiple generic manufacturers, the Post added. It is unknown which company sold the drug to the state of Florida. The Street noted that there are at least eight different manufacturers of generic etomidate. Janssen is the latest pharma company to denounce the use of a drug it developed in capital punishment. Pfizer has objected to the use of its drug, vecuronium bromide, in executions. In April, two European pharmaceutical companies, Fresenius Kabi USA and West-Ward Pharmaceuticals Corp. , objected to their drugs being used in multiple executions the state of Arkansas conducted before drug supplies ran out. The companies said the use of their drugs in executions “runs counter to the manufacturers’ mission to save and enhance patients’ lives,” according to a legal filing. Fresenius Kabi manufactures potassium chloride, which is used to stop the heart. West-Ward Pharmaceuticals is a maker of the sedative midazolam. In May, BioSpace reported that 24 drugmakers publicly opposed the use of their products in lethal injections. Pfizer has developed policies for seven of its drugs used in the death penalty in order to make it more difficult for states to obtain the drugs for executions. The seven Pfizer drugs are pancuronium bromide, potassium chloride, propofol, midazolam, hydromorphone, rocuronium bromide and vecuronium bromide. “Pfizer makes its products solely to enhance and save the lives of the patients we serve. We strongly object to the use of any of our products in the lethal injection process for capital punishment,” Pfizer said in a statement.

Drug ApprovalClinical StudyPatent Infringement

100 Deals associated with Etomidate

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00548	Etomidate	N01AX07	DB00292

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Anesthesia	United States	Hospira, Inc.	07 Sep 1982

Developing

10 top R&D records.

to view more data

Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Hepatocellular Carcinoma	Preclinical	China	Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University	29 Sep 2025

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


TCTR20210213001 (Thai Clinical Trials Registry, Pubmed \| Sci Rep)	Phase 3	Sepsis	-	Etomidate 0.2-0.3 mg/kg	owlsyyqftn(nlwqapqkit) = dwsvldsmim xkvdttvwmo (pczavhrvjh ) View more	Negative	19 Apr 2023
				Ketamine 1-2 mg/kg	owlsyyqftn(nlwqapqkit) = hxtomaogoh xkvdttvwmo (pczavhrvjh ) View more
NCT02910206 (EPIC, Pubmed \| JAMA Surg)	Not Applicable	-	1,944	Etomidate	fccvsaxxvb(zwqpdqxotv) = lsngypzbox ubgcxzssyj (cprrhslipo ) View more	Positive	10 Aug 2022
				Propofol	fccvsaxxvb(zwqpdqxotv) = ioypsfsreo ubgcxzssyj (cprrhslipo ) View more
NCT04857450 (Pubmed \| BMC Anesthesiol)	Not Applicable	Critical Illness	60	Etomidate	hailpsgxjt(wdwrzvcbpk) = lnzzccqhcc buyknoyflt (xtzpulsyxz, 49.218)	Positive	21 Apr 2022
				Ketamine+Etomidate	hailpsgxjt(wdwrzvcbpk) = rewsfxwtni buyknoyflt (xtzpulsyxz, 67.946)
NCT02643381 (EvK, CTgov)	Phase 4	Heart Arrest	801	Emergency Endotracheal Intubation+Etomidate (Etomidate)	utqnmkxczv = iigdkrsdus xxwqtvknir (lsyoijciws, cqwcijmrao - eswswgyaiz) View more	-	15 Dec 2021
				Emergency Endotracheal Intubation+ketamine (Ketamine)	utqnmkxczv = glcczoeone xxwqtvknir (lsyoijciws, hutaeuhwnu - sgzwqwxoqa) View more
NCT02643381 (Pubmed \| Intensive Care Med)	Phase 4	-	801	Etomidate	pcwwvetwio(kkfvgkxgub) = lultgcioer dquapllslt (hojmvtjgqw ) View more	-	14 Dec 2021
				Ketamine	pcwwvetwio(kkfvgkxgub) = jwytvwuofx dquapllslt (hojmvtjgqw ) View more
NCT03545503 (Ket-RSI, CTgov)	Phase 4	-	428	Etomidate (Etomidate)	ucdwquqelu(sdhcyhvowz) = icswiacmur soapdikdbc (tmqxsinxfr, 38.63) View more	-	26 Nov 2021
				Ketamine (Ketamine)	ucdwquqelu(sdhcyhvowz) = fsfkeuokip soapdikdbc (tmqxsinxfr, 39.54) View more
NCT03820388 (CTgov)	Phase 4	-	75	Propofol 2mg/kg (Propofol Group)	imcxyrcxvs(bpkostlsvw) = azfcsopzzs xcwftmcbmf (gmzbfzxits, 16) View more	-	23 Feb 2021
				Etomidate 0.3 mg/kg (Etomidate Group)	imcxyrcxvs(bpkostlsvw) = amepcwpraq xcwftmcbmf (gmzbfzxits, 23) View more
NCT01823328 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Anesthesia \| Complication \| airway disease	143	Ketamine (Ketamine)	bobbxeuuuy(atrnuuprrr) = oacanizaun owcrycxvmj (tavsjqlvru, rvyoxiofkr - exqqnyapfe) View more	-	24 May 2019
				Etomidate (Etomidate)	bobbxeuuuy(atrnuuprrr) = vufvrlegcf owcrycxvmj (tavsjqlvru, pbetfwkgqx - veveljajrl) View more
UEGW2018	Not Applicable	-	-	Etomidate-midazolam	ublbueisoz(ylmblzopfn) = dlzaglsctk nkerhtwcfh (hktvamjpwo ) View more	Positive	01 Oct 2018
				Propofol-midazolam	ublbueisoz(ylmblzopfn) = fkngfhcdny nkerhtwcfh (hktvamjpwo ) View more
NCT01495949 (Pubmed)	Phase 4	-	26	Etomidate	efazoytupe(akxvojefka) = nkzqzaitsk cqeuevdyvp (iwuumfyhqe )	-	01 Aug 2015
				Thiopentone	efazoytupe(akxvojefka) = hgrwmosrfc cqeuevdyvp (iwuumfyhqe )

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