Effect of Continuous Remifentanil Infusion on Hemodynamic Responses to Tracheal Intubation During General Anesthesia Induction in Elderly Patients: A Single-center Randomized Controlled Trial

Start Date01 Mar 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator-

ChiCTR2600119060

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 4IIT

Clinical Application of Remimazolam in Cardiac Patients Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery Based on Non-Invasive Cardiac Output Monitoring

Start Date10 Feb 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

The First People's Hospital of Changzhou

100 Clinical Results associated with Etomidate

100 Translational Medicine associated with Etomidate

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Etomidate

3,216

Literatures (Medical) associated with Etomidate

01 Mar 2026·BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY

A Preliminary In Vitro Interaction of ET‐26‐HCl With Human Serum Albumin Through Rapid Equilibrium Dialysis Under Simulated Physiological Conditions

Article

Author: Chen, Dongying ; You, Wen ; Ji, Yuze ; Bian, Yifei ; Sun, Ling ; Xiang, Lili

ABSTRACT:

In the present study, preliminary in vitro interaction between ET‐26‐HCl and human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated, and the potential competitive binding effect from its major metabolite, ET‐26‐acid, was evaluated. Rapid equilibrium dialysis (RED) was utilized under simulated physiological conditions (67 mM phosphate‐buffered saline solution, pH 7.4, 37 °C). After a methanol‐based deproteinization procedure, a validated HPLC‐UV method was employed to quantify post‐dialysis samples. It was found that the binding affinity of ET‐26‐HCl to HSA was relatively lower than that of etomidate, with a binding association constant ( K ) of 7.75 × 10 3 M −1 and a protein binding rate ( PB %) of 54.58%, respectively. Displacement experiments using warfarin and flurbiprofen as specific site markers revealed that ET‐26‐HCl predominantly binds to Sudlow's Site I on HSA. Furthermore, ET‐26‐acid was found to exhibit no significant competitive binding effect. These findings support ET‐26‐HCl as a promising alternative to etomidate and warrant its further development for clinical anesthetic applications.

01 Mar 2026·Pharmacogenetics and Genomics

Pharmacogenomics of commonly used intravenous anesthetics

Review

Author: Eid, Mary Joe ; Kassab, Nayla ; Abourjeili, Joseph ; Raphael, Christian K.

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is a scientific field that aims to understand how an individual’s genetic code regulates drug metabolism and response. The response to many anesthetic drugs varies widely among patients due to many factors including, but not limited to, age, gender, and comorbidities. However, PGx contributes to this variability, particularly regarding adverse drug reactions. This review explores the influence of PGx on five commonly used induction agents in anesthesia: propofol, midazolam, ketamine, etomidate, and thiopental. Propofol metabolism is significantly affected by polymorphisms in CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and UGT1A9, influencing both efficacy and toxicity. Midazolam’s PGx is mainly mediated by variations in CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes, with implications for sedation depth and drug clearance. Ketamine response is modulated by polymorphisms in metabolic enzymes (e.g. CYP2B6), as well as neurobiological targets such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, particularly in psychiatric applications. Etomidate shows less studied but emerging PGx associations, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms in GABA receptor subunits and metabolic enzymes, which may affect both sedative depth and cardiovascular stability. Thiopental is a rapid-acting metabolite whose effect stems from GABA-A receptor potentiation; no studies have yet identified specific genetic polymorphisms influencing its action. Overall, PGx provides a promising avenue for tailoring anesthetic management to improve patient safety and outcomes. However, clinical integration remains limited due to practical and infrastructural barriers. This review highlights the potential and current limitations of pharmacogenomic-guided anesthesia, underscoring its relevance in the era of precision medicine.

18 Feb 2026·Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences

[Perioperative management of a patient with Kennedy disease undergoing knee replacement: A case report].

Article

Author: Zhang, H ; Zeng, H ; Bai, P ; Wang, J ; Zhu, H

Kennedy disease is a rare X-linked recessive genetic disease with a low incidence rate. The main manifestations of motor neuron involvement include limb weakness, muscle atrophy, dysarthria, difficulty swallowing, and coughing after drinking water. The patient may die from pulmonary infection and respiratory failure, and there is currently no effective treatment available. There are few reports on anesthesia for such patients and no guidelines or expert consensus. This article reports on perioperative anesthesia management for a 69 years old patient who underwent lumbar spine surgery before with coronary heart disease. The patient was diagnosed with Kennedy disease through electromyography and genetic testing before surgery and underwent knee replacement surgery. After sufficient preoperative consultation and evaluation, femoral nerve block was performed with 0.25% ropivacaine under guidance with ultrasound and nerve stimulator, followed by induction of general anesthesia with sufentanil, propofol, and etomidate. A laryngeal mask was inserted without the use of muscle relaxants and breathing was controlled by machine. During the operation, propofol and remifentanil were used for total intravenous anesthesia. The patient had stable vital signs, well tolerated, and the surgical process was smooth. The time of recovery from anesthesia was short, and no anesthesia related complications, such as nausea, vomiting, aspiration, or suffocation was observed after the operation. Postoperative muscle strength recovery was good. After closely monitoring in the ICU for a day, the patient returned to the regular ward. A postoperative analgesia combination of nerve block and oral nonsteroidal analgesics was performed, and emergency pain rescue with pethidine was administered if necessary. The analgesic effect was satisfactory. The patient was safely discharged in the end and recovered well.

News (Medical) associated with Etomidate

17 Dec 2025

·www.drugs.com

Ketamine Versus Etomidate to Induce Anesthesia Does Not Cut Death in Critically Ill

WEDNESDAY, Dec. 17, 2025 -- Use of ketamine to induce anesthesia does not result in lower in-hospital death by day 28 compared with etomidate among critically ill adults undergoing tracheal intubation, according to a study published online Dec. 9 in the New England Journal of Medicine . Jonathan D. Casey, M.D., from the Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee, and colleagues conducted a randomized trial in 14 emergency departments and intensive care units in the United States involving critically ill adults who were undergoing tracheal intubation. Participants were randomly assigned to receive ketamine or etomidate for induction of anesthesia (1,176 and 1,189 participants, respectively). The researchers found that in-hospital death by day 28 occurred in 28.1 and 29.1 percent of patients in the ketamine and etomidate groups, respectively (risk difference adjusted for trial site, −0.8 percentage points; 95 percent confidence interval, −4.5 to 2.9; P = 0.65). Cardiovascular collapse during intubation occurred in 22.1 and 17.0 percent of patients in the ketamine and etomidate groups, respectively (risk difference, 5.1 percentage points; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.9 to 8.3). The two groups had similar prespecified safety outcomes. "We found that etomidate is safe and that ketamine can cause severely low blood pressure during intubation. Going forward, many clinicians will choose to use etomidate rather than ketamine," co-lead author Matthew Semler, M.D., also of the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, said in a statement. "These findings emphasize why more research must focus not just on the development of new drugs and devices, but also on understanding which treatments patients are already receiving produce the best outcomes." Several authors disclosed ties to the biopharmaceutical and medical technology industries. Abstract/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)

Clinical ResultClinical Study

15 May 2025

·www.prnewswire.com

Cushing's Disease Market Poised for Significant Growth Across the 7MM During the Study Period (2020-2034) with Rising Awareness and Diagnostic Improvements | DelveInsight

The Cushing's disease pipeline possesses some drugs in mid and late-stage development to be approved in the near future. The emerging landscape holds a diverse range of therapeutic alternatives for treatment, including relacorilant, clofutriben, atumelnant, and others. The expected launch of these therapies shall further create a positive impact on the Cushing's disease market. LAS VEGAS, May 15, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- DelveInsight's Cushing's Disease Market Insights report includes a comprehensive understanding of current treatment practices, Cushing's disease emerging drugs, market share of individual therapies, and current and forecasted market size from 2020 to 2034, segmented into 7MM [the United States, the EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain) and the United Kingdom, and Japan]. Key Takeaways from the Cushing's Disease Market Report According to DelveInsight's analysis, the market size for Cushing's disease was found to be USD 1 billion in the 7MM in 2024. In 2024, among all the current therapies for Cushing's disease, the highest revenue was generated by Mifepristone (KORLYM and generics) in the US. Based on DelveInsight's assessment in 2024, the 7MM had approximately 37K diagnosed prevalent cases of Cushing's disease. These cases are expected to rise due to advancements in diagnostic capabilities and increased awareness about the disease during the forecast period (2025–2034). Leading Cushing's disease companies developing emerging therapies, such as Corcept Therapeutics, Sparrow Pharmaceuticals, Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, H. Lundbeck, Stero Therapeutics, and others, are developing novel Cushing's disease drugs that can be available in the Cushing's disease market in the coming years. The promising Cushing's disease therapies in the pipeline include DUPIXENT (dupilumab), Linerixibat (GSK2330672), NEMLUVIO/MITCHGA (nemolizumab), Volixibat, and others. In March 2025, Corcept Therapeutics announced that the FDA had assigned a PDUFA target action date of December 30, 2025, for relacorilant to treat patients with endogenous hypercortisolism. In February 2025, Crinetics Pharmaceuticals mentioned that the company anticipates beginning enrollment for Atumelnant (CRN04894) in Phase Ib/IIa trials for Cushing's disease in late 2025 or early 2026. In October 2024, Sparrow Pharmaceuticals announced that clofutriben had been granted Orphan Drug Designation (ODD) by the US FDA for the treatment of endogenous Cushing's syndrome. Discover which therapies are expected to grab the major Cushing's disease market share @ Cushing's Disease Market Report Cushing's Disease Overview Cushing's disease is a rare but serious endocrine disorder caused by a pituitary tumor that triggers excessive cortisol production. It presents with a variety of symptoms such as weight gain, fatigue, mood disturbances, high blood pressure, and impaired glucose tolerance. Cushing's syndrome is responsible for 80–85% of hypercortisolism cases, with 75–80% of those linked to ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas. Without treatment, the 5-year survival rate is only about 50%, emphasizing the urgent need for effective therapies. Diagnosing Cushing's disease is especially difficult because it is rare, shares symptoms with other disorders, and presents in various ways. Only 40–60% of patients have a detectable tumor on standard Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and the diagnosis is often delayed by an average of 7 years. Cushing's Disease Epidemiology Segmentation The Cushing's disease epidemiology section provides insights into the historical and current Cushing's disease patient pool and forecasted trends for the 7MM. It helps recognize the causes of current and forecasted patient trends by exploring numerous studies and views of key opinion leaders. The Cushing's disease market report proffers epidemiological analysis for the study period 2020–2034 in the 7MM segmented into: Total Prevalent Cases of Cushing's Disease Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Cushing's Disease Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Cushing's Disease Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Cushing's Disease Cushing's Disease Treatment Market The primary treatment for Cushing's disease is usually transsphenoidal surgery to remove the pituitary tumor, which often leads to remission. However, some patients may experience a recurrence. When surgery is unsuccessful or not an option, medical therapies are used to control cortisol levels. Various medications are available for managing Cushing's disease, especially in cases where surgery is ineffective or not feasible. One such drug is KORLYM, developed by Corcept Therapeutics, approved for treating hyperglycemia in patients with Cushing's syndrome who also have Type 2 diabetes or glucose intolerance. In 2024, a generic version by Teva Pharmaceuticals entered the market, adding competition, and Corcept itself has released a generic version as well. Other approved options include S IGNIFOR and SIGNIFOR LAR, ISTURISA, and RECORLEV. In addition, off-label drugs like ketoconazole, metyrapone, cabergoline, mitotane, and etomidate are also used in the U.S., with some marketed in Europe by HRA Pharma. SIGNIFOR (pasireotide), developed by Recordati, was the first drug specifically approved for Cushing's disease by the FDA in 2012, and also gained EU approval. Recordati also markets SIGNIFOR LAR, a long-acting injectable version approved by the FDA and Japan's PMDA in 2018. This formulation, administered intramuscularly once every four weeks, shares the same mechanism as SIGNIFOR but offers a different delivery route. Recordati is recognized as a leading player in this therapeutic area. Another key product from the company is ISTURISA (osilodrostat), the first FDA-approved oral drug that inhibits cortisol production by targeting the enzyme 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1), which is involved in the final step of cortisol synthesis. Its oral administration makes it more convenient for patients compared to injectable therapies. ISTURISA is also being studied for pediatric use in an ongoing Phase II trial (NCT03708900). RECORLEV, originally developed by Strongbridge Biopharma and later acquired by Xeris Pharmaceuticals, was approved by the FDA in 2021. It is indicated for adults with endogenous Cushing's syndrome who are not surgical candidates or did not achieve a cure through surgery. Unlike ISTURISA, RECORLEV works by inhibiting cortisol production at multiple points in the steroidogenesis pathway, offering a distinct mechanism of action. To know more about Cushing's disease treatment guidelines, visit @ Cushing's Disease Management Cushing's Disease Pipeline Therapies and Key Companies Relacorilant (CORT125134): Corcept Therapeutics Clofutriben (SPI-62): Sparrow Pharmaceuticals Atumelnant (CRN04894): Crinetics Pharmaceuticals Lu AG13909: H. Lundbeck ST-002: Stero Therapeutics Discover more about Cushing's disease drugs in development @ Cushing's Disease Clinical Trials Cushing's Disease Market Dynamics The Cushing's disease market dynamics are expected to change in the coming years. Although Cushing's disease is generally considered a rare condition, growing awareness and recent advances in research suggest that diagnoses may rise in the future; despite a seemingly crowded market, many current hypercortisolism treatments fail to normalize cortisol levels effectively and pose significant side effects highlighting a substantial opportunity for innovation, especially given the limited therapies specifically targeting Cushing's disease and the potential of newer oral alternatives like ISTURISA and RECORLEV to offer greater flexibility compared to SC and intramuscular options such as SIGNIFOR and SIGNIFOR LAR. Furthermore, potential therapies are being investigated for the treatment of Cushing's disease, and it is safe to predict that the treatment space will significantly impact the Cushing's disease market during the forecast period. Moreover, the anticipated introduction of emerging therapies with improved efficacy and a further improvement in the diagnosis rate are expected to drive the growth of the Cushing's disease market in the 7MM. However, several factors may impede the growth of the Cushing's disease market. Due to non-specific guidelines and recommendations, patients with Cushing's disease often face suboptimal care, delayed diagnosis, and inconsistent treatment approaches, further compounded by the diagnostic complexity, frequent misdiagnosis, and symptom overlap with more common conditions, which leave many undiagnosed or untreated; while existing therapies such as ketoconazole and metyrapone approved in Europe based on limited retrospective data and used off-label in the US despite high costs are widely trusted and entrenched in clinical practice, posing a significant barrier to the adoption of emerging therapies. Moreover, Cushing's disease treatment poses a significant economic burden and disrupts patients' overall well-being and QOL. Furthermore, the Cushing's disease market growth may be offset by failures and discontinuation of emerging therapies, unaffordable pricing, market access and reimbursement issues, and a shortage of healthcare specialists. In addition, the undiagnosed, unreported cases and the unawareness about the disease may also impact the Cushing's disease market growth. Scope of the Cushing's Disease Market Report Therapeutic Assessment: Cushing's Disease current marketed and emerging therapies Cushing's Disease Market Dynamics: Key Market Forecast Assumptions of Emerging Cushing's Disease Drugs and Market Outlook Competitive Intelligence Analysis: SWOT analysis and Market entry strategies Unmet Needs, KOL's views, Analyst's views, Cushing's Disease Market Access and Reimbursement Download the report to understand which factors are driving Cushing's disease market trends @ Cushing's Disease Market Trends Table of Contents Related Reports Cushing's Syndrome Market Cushing's Syndrome Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034 report deliver an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology, as well as the market trends, market drivers, market barriers, and key Cushing's syndrome companies including Corcept Therapeutics, Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Sparrow Pharmaceuticals, Stero Therapeutics, among others. Cushing's Syndrome Pipeline Cushing's Syndrome Pipeline Insight – 2025 report provides comprehensive insights about the pipeline landscape, pipeline drug profiles, including clinical and non-clinical stage products, and the key Cushing's syndrome companies, including Corcept Therapeutics, Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Sparrow Pharmaceuticals, Stero Therapeutics, among others. Endogenous Cushing's Syndrome Market Endogenous Cushing's Syndrome Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034 report deliver an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology, as well as the market trends, market drivers, market barriers, and key endogenous Cushing's syndrome companies including Corcept Therapeutics, Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Sparrow Pharmaceuticals, among others. Endogenous Cushing's Syndrome Pipeline Endogenous Cushing's Syndrome Pipeline Insight – 2025 report provides comprehensive insights about the pipeline landscape, pipeline drug profiles, including clinical and non-clinical stage products, and the key endogenous Cushing's syndrome companies, including Corcept Therapeutics, Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Sparrow Pharmaceuticals, among others. About DelveInsight DelveInsight is a leading Business Consultant and Market Research firm focused exclusively on life sciences. It supports pharma companies by providing comprehensive end-to-end solutions to improve their performance. Get hassle-free access to all the healthcare and pharma market research reports through our subscription-based platform PharmDelve . Contact Us Shruti Thakur [email protected] +14699457679 Logo: SOURCE DelveInsight Business Research, LLP WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED

Drug ApprovalOrphan DrugPhase 2

16 Jul 2024

·www.prnewswire.com

Benzodiazepine Drugs Market to Reach US$ 3.2 Billion by 2034, Growing at 3.5% CAGR | Impact of Psychological Conditions and Aging Population - Reports TMR

Benzodiazepine drugs are vastly used as psychoactive drugs, which can be used to control seizures, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, and other issues related to the psychological conditions of a human being. With the activity of drugs closely related to brain stimulation, the drug can act as a relaxant for muscles in the body. WILMINGTON, Del., July 16, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Owing to different governing factors, the development of the benzodiazepine drug market is expected to traverse a sluggish path of advancement during the forecasted period. With a CAGR of 3.5%, the industry will proceed to reach USD 3.2 billion by 2034. The last recorded size of the ecosystem was USD 2.2 billion in 2023. With the changing lifestyles and mounting pressures to cope with an accelerated pace of living, many people have been facing psychological issues. The growing prevalence of trauma, anxiety, mental fatigue, and many other psychological conditions is observed to have increased recently. To treat such medical conditions, an appropriate relaxant must be applied to get the desired results. This growing prevalence is a clear sign of an important driver that promises to elevate the size of the competitive space during the forecasted period. The rising geriatric population is contributing to the growing cases of insomnia. Along with the abovementioned factors, the growing senior population is trying to find solutions for issues like sleep deprivation. To cater to such issues, the use of benzodiazepine drugs is observed to have increased. Propel Your Business Success: Secure Your Sample of Our Latest Report Now! Due to the sedative properties of drugs, the use of such chemicals is observed to have gained traction in the case of muscle relaxants. To cater to such muscle spasms and other related issues, such drugs can be effective. This factor drives the sales of such drugs. With the spurring of innovation and growth in the technological infrastructure, product augmentation has become possible. Key players in the ecosystem invest more in innovation to alter formulations of drugs. This elevates drug delivery and response time, delivering better results. Rising investments in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries have generated better prospects for leading organizations. As more market openings have been created in the industry, the scope of expanding the market increases for key players, benefitting the size of the industry. The growing research and development activities are expected to augment the drug efficacy and efficiency, which will likely benefit the industry. Due to this, such efforts have been fueling the industry's progress, creating opportunities for new entrants. Benzodiazepine Drugs Market Report Scope: Key Findings from the Market Report The competitive landscape of benzodiazepine drugs can be segmented into different categories depending on various parameters. Based on the drug type, Alprazolam is used to control anxiety issues. The drug controls an abnormal excitement in the brain. Based on the application segment, anxiety is the largest shareholder in the industry. Due to the changing lifestyle, such cases are increasing at an alarming rate, gaining more demand for the segment. Based on the time of use, various prolonged cases of such drugs are seen to have gained momentum. Curing deep psychological impacts is surging the demand for the segment. Based on the end-user, hospital pharmacies govern the largest market share due to better availability of drugs. Regional Profile The growing awareness of psychological health in Asia-Pacific is creating better prospects for the global benzodiazepine drug market. With the growing drug research activities in Europe, the demand for such drugs will likely increase due to a larger canvas. The progress of the healthcare and pharmaceutical industry in North America is a key factor in helping the region lead the global landscape. Competitive Landscape Among different firms expanding in the industry, Pfizer Inc. is a key player that produces different products to expand. Such products include aminophylline, etomidate, argatroban injection, and many more. UCB S.A. is another important player producing solutions for Briviact (brivaracetam) Epilepsy, Ankylosing spondylitis, and Myasthenia Gravis. Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC operates in different verticals, including injectables, oral drugs, and other segments. Key Developments in the Benzodiazepine Drug Market In December 2023, Pfizer Inc. acquired Seagen. This move bolstered the position of the organization in the industry. In March 2024, UCB S.A. invested in IMIDomics, Inc. to innovate solutions for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. This product launch helped the business augment products, bolstering the position in the market. Key Players Pfizer Inc. UCB S.A. Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. H.Lundbeck A/S Apotex Inc. Aurobindo Pharma Purdue Pharma Other Prominent Players Market Segmentation Drug Type Alprazolam Clonazepam Diazepam Lorazepam Others (Midazolam, etc.) Application Anxiety Insomnia Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures Others (Bipolar Disorder, etc.) Time of Action Ultra-short Acting Short Acting Long Acting End User Hospital Pharmacies Retail Pharmacies Online Pharmacies Region North America Europe Asia Pacific Latin America Middle East & Africa Drive Your Business Growth Strategy: Purchase the Report for Key Insights! Have a Look at Related Research Reports of Pharmaceutical Cardiovascular Drugs Market - The global cardiovascular drugs market, valued at USD 142.8 billion in 2022, is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.8% from 2023 to 2031. This growth trajectory is expected to elevate the market size to USD 195.6 billion by the end of 2031, driven by increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, advancements in drug development, and rising healthcare expenditures globally. Insomnia Market - The global insomnia industry was worth US$ 3.8 billion in 2022. From 2023 to 2031, it is expected to increase at a CAGR of 6.0%, reaching US$ 6.4 billion. Various therapies have been explored for managing insomnia, offering non-pharmacological alternatives for those seeking sleep improvement. Bioengineered Protein Drugs Market - Rise in incidence of chronic diseases such as infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer is a dominating factor contributing to the bioengineered protein drugs market growth. About Transparency Market Research Transparency Market Research, a global market research company registered at Wilmington, Delaware, United States, provides custom research and consulting services. Our exclusive blend of quantitative forecasting and trends analysis provides forward-looking insights for thousands of decision makers. Our experienced team of Analysts, Researchers, and Consultants use proprietary data sources and various tools & techniques to gather and analyses information. Our data repository is continuously updated and revised by a team of research experts, so that it always reflects the latest trends and information. With a broad research and analysis capability, Transparency Market Research employs rigorous primary and secondary research techniques in developing distinctive data sets and research material for business reports. Contact: Transparency Market Research Inc. CORPORATE HEADQUARTER DOWNTOWN, 1000 N. West Street, Suite 1200, Wilmington, Delaware 19801 USA Tel: +1-518-618-1030 USA – Canada Toll Free: 866-552-3453 Website: Email: [email protected] Follow Us: LinkedIn | Twitter | Blog | YouTube Logo: SOURCE Transparency Market Research

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT05277896 (Pubmed \| N Engl J Med)	Phase 4	-	2,365	Ketamine	cgsptghcvy(hfvgmyznst) = idgcokeiub uddtzmoimn (gbjpqxlcoz ) View more	Negative	09 Dec 2025
				Etomidate	cgsptghcvy(hfvgmyznst) = nnqkxcxfvo uddtzmoimn (gbjpqxlcoz ) View more
NCT05277896 (RSI, Pubmed \| CHEST Crit Care)	Phase 4	-	2,364	Ketamine	upddwppssp(ngzydqpwsf) = xgnibxwsob vrkztyskli (xljqkjwqyc )	Positive	01 Sep 2025
				Etomidate	upddwppssp(ngzydqpwsf) = tzrjymxmgb vrkztyskli (xljqkjwqyc )
TCTR20210213001 (Thai Clinical Trials Registry, Pubmed \| Sci Rep)	Phase 3	Sepsis	-	Etomidate 0.2-0.3 mg/kg	cmzfqewccl(fviyoeqjuj) = wddikhgwyw xpyiuudiog (ktcpqbzazb ) View more	Negative	19 Apr 2023
				Ketamine 1-2 mg/kg	cmzfqewccl(fviyoeqjuj) = admqdpbedj xpyiuudiog (ktcpqbzazb ) View more
NCT02910206 (EPIC, Pubmed \| JAMA Surg)	Not Applicable	-	1,944	Etomidate	pzqsnljdsc(rhljaqdefp) = bxvhogqsxi rhefharaql (wdlnpdvodc ) View more	Positive	10 Aug 2022
				Propofol	pzqsnljdsc(rhljaqdefp) = efnxsqpaln rhefharaql (wdlnpdvodc ) View more
NCT04857450 (Pubmed \| BMC Anesthesiol)	Not Applicable	Critical Illness	60	Etomidate	stghibkcbt(ssrliwgqzn) = yrdycgegki qkctiwmdpb (dwncamxqqr, 49.218)	Positive	21 Apr 2022
				Ketamine+Etomidate	stghibkcbt(ssrliwgqzn) = hpizrlqjer qkctiwmdpb (dwncamxqqr, 67.946)
NCT02643381 (EvK, CTgov)	Phase 4	Heart Arrest	801	Emergency Endotracheal Intubation+Etomidate (Etomidate)	fixvraushd = kuujltwvnj hycmylxafl (nhtvtbzfae, dulzebhgdo - lnqtbvszav) View more	-	15 Dec 2021
				Emergency Endotracheal Intubation+ketamine (Ketamine)	fixvraushd = mlgkkbkarg hycmylxafl (nhtvtbzfae, ungoxfenty - pilhvkhbmh) View more
NCT02643381 (Pubmed \| Intensive Care Med)	Phase 4	-	801	Etomidate	adndqwuoqf(uxycjpjdjf) = prwhgvlesn tcbfnctrtl (onlqcenzhk ) View more	-	14 Dec 2021
				Ketamine	adndqwuoqf(uxycjpjdjf) = sidimssnuu tcbfnctrtl (onlqcenzhk ) View more
NCT03545503 (Ket-RSI, CTgov)	Phase 4	-	428	Etomidate (Etomidate)	grxernqxfn(vysfnagmer) = pbiijlslbl ylycuvndad (meppvjbchb, 38.63) View more	-	26 Nov 2021
				Ketamine (Ketamine)	grxernqxfn(vysfnagmer) = izjirpnnpo ylycuvndad (meppvjbchb, 39.54) View more
NCT03820388 (CTgov)	Phase 4	-	75	Propofol 2mg/kg (Propofol Group)	hvnvuibzpc(phmpqjacpp) = lakohlumfx zchyqnffuq (wcgrsnxxop, 16) View more	-	23 Feb 2021
				Etomidate 0.3 mg/kg (Etomidate Group)	hvnvuibzpc(phmpqjacpp) = ytrcbfvnyx zchyqnffuq (wcgrsnxxop, 23) View more
NCT01823328 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Anesthesia \| Complication \| airway disease	143	Ketamine (Ketamine)	rypalstnrv(fufvilzzbn) = owgsakfrps sakugzstyh (cdlpdjgckf, vdrrocivac - nicfzmcbwi) View more	-	24 May 2019
				Etomidate (Etomidate)	rypalstnrv(fufvilzzbn) = aduhufzeka sakugzstyh (cdlpdjgckf, itsdaxwrav - ypsjgmcvme) View more

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