Polyenephosphatidyl Choline

Epsilon-poly-lysine (EPL) is widely used in food preservatives. However, EPL can react with components in food substrates, resulting in the formation of precipitates that reduce its antimicrobial properties. Nanoencapsulation is a promising technique and represents a novel approach to enhance EPL activity. In this study, EPL nanoliposomes (EPLLP) were prepared by the thin film hydration method, and chitosan-coated nanoliposomes (CS-EPLLP) were developed by modifying EPLLP with 0.5 mg/mL chitosan. The obtained CS-EPLLP exhibited a spherical morphology with a particle size range of 85.27-89.77 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.293-0.301, and an encapsulation efficiency of 83.01 ± 4.00 %. After 30 days of storage, no significant difference in particle size was observed and the PDI was <0.30. The release rate of EPLLP was up to 40 % in 1 h, while that of CS-EPLLP was <20 %. The physical and thermal stability of EPLLP could be effectively improved by chitosan. Moreover, CS-EPLLP could effectively eradicate A. acidocaldarius and A. acidoterrestris in apple juice at concentrations of 2.5 and 0.625 mg/L, respectively. The cytotoxicity test showed that CS-EPLLP exhibited excellent biocompatibility. Therefore, this study has developed a novel nanoliposome material that provides new insights into the control of bacterial contamination in fruit juices.

To compare the long-term efficacy of navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (NSML) and continuous oral eplerenone (EPL) in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC).

This retrospective observational study included 44 eyes with cCSC (EPL: n = 26; NSML: n = 18). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), subretinal fluid (SRF) height, and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) were evaluated over 12 months.

Both groups showed significant improvements in BCVA and CMT (p < 0.05). Complete SRF resolution was achieved in both groups by 12 months, with NSML showing faster resolution (2.77 ± 1.43 vs. 6.34 ± 2.17 months, p < 0.001). The EPL group demonstrated significant SFCT reduction at 6 and 12 months (p = 0.001), while the NSML group showed no significant SFCT changes (p > 0.05).

Both NSML and EPL improved retinal morphology and visual function in patients with cCSC. NSML achieved faster SRF resolution, while EPL resulted in more significant choroidal thickness reduction. These findings suggest distinct mechanisms of action: NSML primarily affects the retinal pigment epithelium, while EPL modulates choroidal vasculature. Treatment choice may depend on individual patient characteristics and treatment goals.