Article
Author: Fate, Gwen ; Vitner, Einat B ; Saar, Kadi ; Bar-David, Elad ; Pšenák, Vladimír ; Witt, Karolina D ; Shurrush, Khriesto ; Morris, Garrett M ; Noske, Gabriela D ; Dunnett, Louise E ; Malla, Tika R ; Fraisse, Laurent ; Tumber, Anthony ; Tamir, Hadas ; Bennett, James ; Koekemoer, Lizbé ; Robinson, Matthew C ; Owen, C David ; Dudgeon, Tim ; Singh, Sukrit ; Smalley, Adam ; Vaschetto, Mariana ; Jnoff, Eric ; Nakamura, Aline M ; Kovar, Boris ; Griffen, Ed J ; Krojer, Tobias ; Oliva, Glaucius ; Lee, Alpha A ; Shaqra, Ala M ; Achdout, Hagit ; Puni, Reut ; Borden, Bruce ; La, Van Ngoc Thuy ; Carney, Daniel W ; Marples, Peter G ; Jochmans, Dirk ; Shaikh, Aarif ; Pinjari, Jakir ; Shafeev, Mikhail ; Strain-Damerell, Claire ; García-Sastre, Adolfo ; Hurley, Matthew F D ; Yahalom-Ronen, Yfat ; Chang, Edcon ; Gorrie-Stone, Tyler ; Rodriguez-Guerra, Jaime ; Huliak, Victor D ; Varghese, Finny S ; Eastman, Peter ; Ben-Shmuel, Amir ; Vangeel, Laura ; Horrell, Sam ; Mowbray, Charles E ; Makower, Laetitia L ; Overheul, Gijs J ; Fedorov, Oleg ; Foster, Richard ; Schofield, Christopher J ; Weatherall, Charlie ; Bilenko, Vitaliy A ; Wild, Conor Francis ; Volkamer, Andrea ; Zhang, Ivy ; Tennant, Rachael E ; Kiappes, J L ; Chodera, John D ; Skyner, Rachael ; Haneef, Amna ; De Jonghe, Steven ; Gorichko, Marian ; Powell, Ailsa ; Resnick, Efrat ; Gileadi, Carina ; Hassell Hart, Storm ; Macdonald, Hannah Bruce ; Bowman, Gregory R ; Fernandes, Rafaela S ; Giroud, Charline ; Smilova, Mihaela D ; Swamy, Vishwanath ; Pingle, Maneesh ; Duberstein, Shirly ; Bvnbs, Sarma ; Cole, Jason C ; Glinert, Itai ; Kang, Lulu ; Wright, Nathan ; Spencer, John ; Smeets, Bart ; McGovern, Briana L ; Schaller, David ; Reid, St Patrick ; Kaminow, Benjamin ; Gehrtz, Paul ; Neyts, Johan ; Brewitz, Lennart ; Henry, Michael ; Carbery, Anna ; Ferla, Matteo ; Foster, Holly ; Reddi, Rambabu N ; Jajack, Andrew ; Cattermole, Emma ; Fairhead, Michael ; Aschenbrenner, Jasmin C ; Pai, Ruby ; Barr, Haim ; Sjö, Peter ; Heer, Jag ; von Delft, Frank ; Contini, Alessandro ; Solmesky, Leonardo J ; Glen, Robert C ; Weiss, Shay ; Gawriljuk, Victor O ; John, Tobias ; Tomásio, Susana ; Lefker, Bruce A ; Melamed, Sharon ; Reid, Lauren ; Godoy, Andre S ; Logvinenko, Ivan G ; Boby, Melissa L ; Walsh, Martin A ; Pulido, Iván ; Nguyen, Luong ; Cohen, Galit ; Miesen, Pascal ; Gabizon, Ronen ; Rangel, Victor L ; Lithgo, Ryan M ; Croll, Tristan Ian ; Paran, Nir ; Fearon, Daren ; Yilmaz, Nese Kurt ; Payne, Alexander Matthew ; Ripka, Emily Grace ; Balcomb, Blake H ; Schiffer, Celia A ; Taylor, Jenny C ; Kenny, Peter W ; Voelz, Vincent ; Ward, Walter ; Hill, Michelle ; Tomlinson, Charles W E ; Rufa, Dominic A ; Arbon, Robert ; Erez, Noam ; Donckers, Kim ; Zaidmann, Daniel ; Rosales, Romel ; Chernyshenko, Eugene ; van Rij, Ronald P ; Israely, Tomer ; Ferrins, Lori ; Boulet, Pascale ; Matviiuk, Tatiana ; Kinakh, Serhii O ; Eyermann, Charles J ; Cvitkovic, Milan ; Filep, Mihajlo ; von Delft, Annette ; Thompson, Andrew ; Zidane, Hadeer ; Calmiano, Mark ; Morris, Aaron ; Cox, Lisa ; Tsurupa, Igor S ; Douangamath, Alice ; Lukacik, Petra ; Mikolajek, Halina ; Morwitzer, Melody Jane ; Zvornicanin, Sarah N ; Laghnimi-Hahn, Sophie ; McCorkindale, Willam ; Thompson, Warren ; Moustakas, Demetri ; Levy, Haim ; Kantsadi, Anastassia L ; Aimon, Anthony ; Alonzi, Dominic S ; Huang, Qiu Yu Judy ; Clyde, Austin ; Robinson, Ralph P ; Vakonakis, Ioannis ; Wittmann, Matthew ; White, Kris M ; Neto, Jose Brandao ; Minh, David ; Milne, Bruce F ; Shi, Jiye ; Perry, Benjamin ; Scheen, Jenke ; Rees, Paul ; MacLean, Elizabeth M ; Dotson, David L ; London, Nir ; Zitzmann, Nicole ; Pan, Jin ; Michurin, Oleg ; Politi, Boaz ; Salah, Eidarus ; Coffland, Joseph E ; Brun, Juliane ; Melnykov, Kostiantyn P ; Saikatendu, Kumar Singh ; Jansen, Jitske ; Oleinikovas, Vladas ; Dias, Alex ; Glass, William G ; Sittner, Assa
We report the results of the COVID Moonshot, a fully open-science, crowdsourced, and structure-enabled drug discovery campaign targeting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease. We discovered a noncovalent, nonpeptidic inhibitor scaffold with lead-like properties that is differentiated from current main protease inhibitors. Our approach leveraged crowdsourcing, machine learning, exascale molecular simulations, and high-throughput structural biology and chemistry. We generated a detailed map of the structural plasticity of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, extensive structure-activity relationships for multiple chemotypes, and a wealth of biochemical activity data. All compound designs (>18,000 designs), crystallographic data (>490 ligand-bound x-ray structures), assay data (>10,000 measurements), and synthesized molecules (>2400 compounds) for this campaign were shared rapidly and openly, creating a rich, open, and intellectual property–free knowledge base for future anticoronavirus drug discovery.